Renaissance (Rinascimento) Definition: Rebirth (French) of Greek and Roman ideas. Greco Roman Ideas of, Humanism – Greek Gods, praising the Homo sapiens Art & Architecture – Rebirth of European drawings, paintings, sculptures and buildings Merchant’s class of people was born > new economy and growth and trade. E. g. Medici… they support the new ideas or art, humanism etc. and gave money for it. Reformation (Challenge to the Catholic Church) Who were they? : Scientists and Protestant Christians Monarchs started to gain political power (e. g. Henry VIII) and were able to ake Church (Protestant) of England because he has money and he is powerful. Scientists were Christians with the Muslims attitude for knowledge. Scientific Revolution Scientists were Christians with the Muslims attitude for knowledge. They began to use objects and exploration to help discover things (could be a threat to the Catholic Church) E. g. – Telescope; used to discover the world is heliocentric not geocentric. (Bible says church is geocentric) – Printing press; used to write the 95 thesis that were put on the Catholic Church Enlightenment
Enlightenment Definition: the action or state of attaining or having attained spiritual knowledge or insight Ideas of, Rebirth of Science, Humanism, etc. – starting the fall of religion. Religion and Science both claim to explain but both have different explanations. Both are not mutually exclusive. Louis XIV: (1638 – 1715) ?Absolute Monarchy ?Divine Right ?King only responsible to God ?Great King = Great Country ?Strong Catholic ?Persecuted Protestants ?“I am the State. ” Thomas Hobbes: (1588 – 1679) ?Absolute Monarchy ?King: direction/ Leadership Power not from God – Ppl give to the Leviathan ?Ppl are selfish and evil ?Ppl couldn’t make own decisions ?Democracy – Not work Baron de Montesquieu (1689 – 1755) ?Limited Monarchy – most stable ?Religious tolerance ?
Not all ppl equal – Woman weaker than men – Slavery – did he support it? – Women in government ?Division of power ?Make laws: Parliament ?Enforce laws: King ?Interpret laws: Courts Locke (1632 –1704) ?Limited Monarchy ?Respect for ppl’s rights ?Freedom ?Property ?Life ?Ppl can govern themselves ?Right to overthrow bad gov Ppl can reason – inc women ?Women equal in the home Rousseau (1712 – 1778) ?Direct Democracy ?All males vote – new laws ?Ppl can be both ruled & free if they rule themselves ?Social Contract ?Ppl born good Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 – 1797) ?Supported “universal suffrage” (voting for all: women and men) ?Supporter of Democracy ?Opposed monarchy ?Women had few rights ?Opposed one group controlling another ?Man over women ?Master over slave ?Husband over wife ?“Society will not be whole until the last king is strangled with the guts f the last priest. ” Part I: Multiple Choice – Around 30 Greece, Rome, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment Part II: Will be given quotations – Have to identify which doctrine the quote best represents. Doctrines: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Republic, Absolute Monarch, Limited Monarchy, Direct Democracy, Representative Democracy, Humanism, and Feudalism Also need to know who MIGHT HAVE said it. Part III: Write two essays (short): Choice of 5 questions, Choose 2/5