My Memorable Day, Sample of Research papers

40 pages, 19574 words

GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS

NORTH CAROLINA

STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY

WRITING PROMPTS, STUDENT RUBRICS, AND SAMPLE RESPONSES

Grade

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Copyright by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe Literature: The Reader’s Choice and/or Writer’s Choice. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission from the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 P/N G35324.51 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 047 03 02 01 00

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Thinking About the Writing Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Using Scoring Rubrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses

Expository Clarification Essay Prompt 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Prompt 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Prompt 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Prompt 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Expository Point-of-View Essay Prompt 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Prompt 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Prompt 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Prompt 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Personal Narrative Essay Prompt 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Persuasive Essay Prompt 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Prompt 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

iii

I NTRODUCTION TO WRITING PROMPTS, SCORING R UBRICS, AND SAMPLE R ESPONSES

Overview of the North Carolina Writing Assessment (Grade 7)

The North Carolina Writing Assessment is administered to all seventh-grade students. The assessment consists of one prompt that asks students to compose an expository clarification or point-of-view essay. The test is designed to measure core composition skills such as main idea, supporting details, organization, and coherence, as well as grammar and spelling conventions. The Writing Assessment is administered statewide on a date specified by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. Students will have 50 minutes to complete their essays. Total administration time of the exam is 65 minutes. Additional time may be allotted to students with special needs. The writing prompt will ask students to clarify an opinion they have on a non-controversial topic, such as their favorite type of food, or it will ask students to take a position on a general social issue, such as whether or not students should wear uniforms to school. Besides containing the prompt itself, the assessment page reminds students what they need to do to receive a high score. The seventh-grade assessment is evaluated with the use of a holistic score scale and a conventions rating. The holistic score scale ranks students’ proficiency in the use of main idea, supporting details, organization, and coherence. Graders of the exam use these four criteria, along with the explanations given in the holistic score scale, to assign each essay a score from four to one, with four being the top score. An additional category of non-scorable exists for those papers that are illegible, incoherent, off-topic, blank, or in a language other than English. The conventions rating further evaluates each paper on the basis of sentence formation, usage, spelling, and mechanics. Those essays with a favorable rating receive a (+) while those with a negative rating receive a (–).

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses Content

This book is composed of reproducible pages that are designed to help students improve on their basic writing skills as they prepare for the seventh-grade Writing Assessment. In addition to the prompts, rubrics, and sample responses, the book includes an activity for thinking about the writing prompt, an organizer for expository and persuasive writing, an organizer for expressive writing, an explanation of the scoring rubrics and how to use them, and student evaluation sheets for students to evaluate the responses of their peers. These activities are to be used to supplement the writing activities and to help focus students who may be having trouble organizing the writing process. The prompts are modeled on those in the seventh-grade test. There are four expository clarification, four expository point-of-view, one narrative, and two persuasive prompts. Although narrative and persuasive writing will not be tested on the seventh-grade assessment, they have been included here to allow students practice in these modes and to allow students additional writing practice in a test-like environment. Holistic score scales, or rubrics, for each type of prompt are also included, as well as sample responses at various score levels.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

How to Use the Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses Content

Choose a Prompt

Before you begin working with students, you will need to select a prompt. If you are specifically preparing for the Writing Assessment, it would be best to use one of the expository clarification or point-of-view prompts. Once you have chosen a prompt, you may wish to use the prewriting activities included in the book. • Thinking About the Writing Prompt This activity gets students thinking about what direction their essays will take. Students are asked first to put the prompt into their own words. Then, after describing an initial reaction and thinking about the reminders listed on the prompt page, students brainstorm for ideas, details, and information that would support their responses. • Organizers for Expository/Persuasive and Expressive Writing The two graphic organizers are to be used in conjunction with the Thinking About the Writing Prompt activity. The Organizer for Expository/Persuasive Writing is to be used with the expository clarification, expository point-of-view, and persuasive prompts. This organizer shows one way of graphically representing the thesis statement, supporting details, and concluding statement. Students use their main ideas and supporting details from the brainstorming activity and organize them coherently into basic essay form.

The Organizer for Expressive Writing is to be used with the narrative prompt. It helps make sure students include a beginning, a middle, and an end to their narratives and ensures that the stories have a main idea. • Using Scoring Rubrics For those students uncomfortable or unfamiliar with scoring rubrics, we have included a basic explanation and exercise to help ease the anxiety of the assessment. These pages explain what exactly the rubrics are, how they are organized, and how students can use them to perform their best on the assessment. A checklist is included that students can use to clarify the four scoring criteria. Students are directed to customize the checklist to the specific mode of writing they will be creating. This additional reinforcement will help to solidify in students’ minds the requirements of a strong essay.

Writing the Essay

Once students have completed their prewriting activities, they are ready to begin working. You can either assign essays for homework or you can simulate the test environment by allowing students fifty minutes in-class work time.

Student Evaluation Sheets

Student Evaluation Sheets have been included to allow students the opportunity to review the sample responses or to review the writing of their peers. There is a different student evaluation sheet for each type of prompt.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Sample Responses and Rubrics

Two of the four expository clarification prompts and two of the four expository point-of-view prompts have sample responses. Both of the persuasive prompts have sample responses. The narrative prompt also has sample responses. The three sample responses for each prompt are all modeled after the same basic essay. However, each has modifications consistent with the holistic scoring scale to account for the difference in score. For instance, the first expository clarification prompt asks students to identify the foreign country they would most like to visit. All three sample responses suggest Scotland as the preferred destination, but the first essay has few details and frequently digresses. The second essay provides some support for the choice of Scotland, but it is not well organized. The third response is well written. The variety of responses allows students to discern the differences between the various score points. Each prompt type also has a corresponding score scale or rubric. In other words there is one rubric for expository clarification prompts, one for expository point-of-view prompts, one for the narrative prompt, and one for persuasive prompts. There are three main parts to each rubric.

The first part of the rubric is the Focused Holistic Score Scale. Here the four score points are broken down into explanations of what each paper should contain to earn a particular score. The score scale is designed to help the grader of the papers, but students will find that reviewing the score scale will help them better understand what the intended audience is looking for. The second part of the rubric is the Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria. The scoring criteria contain the same components for all prompt types—main idea, supporting details, organization, and coherence—though they are slightly altered for each of the four modes. The last part of the rubric is the Conventions Rating. This is a simple (+) or (–) system designed to evaluate proficiency in sentence formation, usage, spelling, and mechanics.

Transparencies

The transparencies that accompany the book are designed to show students the difference between writing at each of the various score points. Each transparency takes a brief excerpt of one of the sample responses and highlights the excerpted response’s proficiency, or lack thereof, in one of the four holistic scoring criteria. Be sure students have complete copies of the sample responses while the transparencies are reviewed. This way students will better understand the context of the excerpt. It is important to note that the transparencies do not highlight or note errors in spelling, sentence formation, or usage. You may wish to correct these errors on the transparency with your class while explaining the error.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Date

Thinking About the Writing Prompt

Taking time to think about the prompt and to plan your writing will improve the quality of your final essay. Planning can help you compose a more organized, polished response. Use this guide to plan your composition.

Restate

1. Read the prompt carefully and restate it in your own words. Think specifically about what the prompt is asking you to do (for example, make an argument, tell a story, or explain a process).

Respond

2. After you have thought about the prompt and it is clear what you’re being asked to do, write one or two sentences describing your initial reaction to the prompt. This may be the basis for your thesis statement, or the main idea of your essay.

Remember

3. Read the reminder list that follows the prompt. (If you are still unclear about the prompt, the list may help you better understand it.) Think about those items that you have particular trouble with and write them down. Explain how to avoid those mistakes in your writing.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Date

Record

4. Brainstorm ideas, details, or information to support your response to the prompt. You may use a brainstorming technique such as freewriting, making a list, or creating a web. Record anything that comes to mind.

Review

5. Review the things you wrote as you brainstormed. What ideas support your thesis statement? What details add information to those supporting ideas? Underline or highlight the ideas and details you plan to use in your composition.

Represent

6. There are many ways to organize your ideas. You may wish to use a visual representation such as a web, an outline, or a chart. The graphic organizers that follow are some examples of ways to structure your ideas.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Date

Organizer for Expository/Persuasive Writing

This organizer is useful for many types of writing, including expository and persuasive essays. Use the thesis statement from the Respond exercise and the ideas from the Record and Review exercises to complete the graphic organizer. You may add Supporting Ideas and Details boxes as necessary. Introductory Paragraph/Thesis Statement:

Supporting Idea:

Detail:

Concluding Paragraph/Restatement of Thesis:

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Date

Organizer for Expressive Writing

This organizer is useful for expressive writing such as narrative essays. Use the main idea from the Respond exercise and the ideas from the Record and Review exercises to complete the graphic organizer. You may add Action boxes as necessary. Main Idea What is the central event of your narrative?

Characters Who is in your narrative?

Setting When and/or where does your narrative take place?

Action How will you begin your narrative?

What happens next?

How will you end your narrative?

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Date

Using Scoring Rubrics

What Are Scoring Rubrics?

Rubrics, or score scales, are one way to evaluate compositions. Rubrics represent a range of quality by showing how weaker essays compare to stronger essays. Using specific characteristics and descriptions, they provide a basic rating scale for writing. In addition to being useful for those who evaluate essays, rubrics are helpful for writers. Knowing what makes an essay strong before you begin writing will help you produce a better overall composition.

How Are Scoring Rubrics Organized?

Not all rubrics look alike. Some rubrics consist of lists that describe different traits of writing. Others are written in paragraph form. All assign point values based on quality. The rubrics used here are made up of two descriptive sections, the Score Scale and the Scoring Criteria. The Score Scale outlines the range of possible scores with descriptions of each. The Scoring Criteria details four characteristics that are important in a strong composition. Combined, they illustrate the features of an effective piece of writing. Different types of writing, such as persuasive, expository, and narrative, have their own rubrics. Although the rubrics have some elements in common—the use of effective sentence structure, for example—they also include traits that are specific to each writing form.

How Can I Use Scoring Rubrics?

As mentioned above, rubrics provide valuable information that can help you focus on the qualities of strong writing. One way to do this is to take information from the Score Scale and Scoring Criteria and make a writing checklist. Use this checklist as follows: • As you plan your essay, think about how you will meet the criteria on your checklist. • As you write, refer to your checklist and monitor your work to ensure that your essay meets the criteria. • When you have completed your essay, review it against the checklist. Reread your essay, looking for examples of each item. As you find them, check off the appropriate box. If you find that you are weak in any area, revise your essay as needed.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Date

Use the appropriate Score Scale and Scoring Criteria for the corresponding type of writing to complete the writing checklist below. Add items that address the specific qualities of this type of writing. For example, with a persuasive essay, you would include under the Main Idea heading “I clearly state my position.” Use the four point description to make your checklist.

Main Idea

□ The subject matter I chose is appropriate for the prompt. □

Supporting Details

□ The details I include are clearly related to the subject matter. □ I include enough details to support my main idea. □

Organization

□ My composition has a strong beginning, a well-developed middle, and an effective

ending.

□ My essay follows a clear, logical progression. □

Coherence

□ I establish relationships between ideas in my composition. □ I use transitional words and phrases, parallel structure, and other techniques to connect

sentences and paragraphs.

□ I use effective sentence structure and word choice. □

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay: Prompt 1

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Think about the foreign country that you would most like to visit. Name the country and explain why you would like to go there.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Name the country you would most like to visit. • Give at least two reasons why you would like to visit this country. Explain your reasons. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Focused Holistic Score Scale: Expository Clarification Essay

SCORE POINT 4 The response reflects a strong mastery of expository writing. There is skill in all four criteria. The writer clearly identifies the subject matter and focuses on it exclusively, providing relevant reasons to support his or her choice and elaborating on those reasons with details that are both appropriate and clearly articulated. The response follows a clear, logical organization with a beginning, middle, and end. The writer exhibits an appropriate sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay is coherent and seems complete in all aspects. SCORE POINT 3 The response reflects a reasonable mastery of expository writing. There is competency in all four criteria. The response clearly identifies the subject matter, focuses on this topic, and gives reasons, details, and examples to support it. Some responses may include only a few clearly elaborated reasons; others may present more reasons with less elaboration. There may be some minor weaknesses in coherence. Some explanations may be unclear, or transitional links may be missing. However, the response is organized and coherent overall, demonstrating a clear, logical progression. The writing shows an acceptable sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay seems complete, but minor weaknesses may appear. SCORE POINT 2 The response reflects a weak sense of expository writing. The response focuses on the subject matter but is deficient in some other major area. Some responses provide only one reason to support the main idea. (The minimum number required is two.) Others may provide two or more reasons, but offer little elaboration. The writer makes some effort to include supporting details; but those details are insufficient and not clearly related to the subject matter, requiring the reader to make inferences. The response has some organizational strategy, but the logical progression may be haphazard and occasionally difficult to follow. The writer may lack an appropriate sense of audience. Some aspects of the prompt may not be addressed. SCORE POINT 1 The response reflects a lack of understanding of expository writing. It demonstrates an effort to address the prompt but does not sustain consistent focus. The writer makes an effort to support ideas but without an overall sense of strategy or control. If the response offers reasons to support the main idea, they are inappropriate or unintelligible. Elaboration is unclear and off-topic. The writer lacks an appropriate sense of audience. Many essays lack any organizing principle or sense of direction. Others may demonstrate minimal control but are simply too undeveloped to receive a higher score.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

NON-SCORABLE The composition is entirely illegible, incoherent, off-topic, blank, or written in a language other than English.

Expository Clarification Essay: Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria

Main Idea The writer identifies the subject matter and consistently focuses on the main idea while responding to the prompt. Supporting Details The writer provides sufficient details to explain, develop, and support his or her argument or ideas fully. The writer also provides details that are related to the subject matter and address the inherent question, “Why?” Organization The writer establishes a sense of beginning, middle, and ending in the composition. The composition shows a logical development from beginning to end and seems complete. Coherence The writer establishes relationships between the ideas, causes, and/or statements in the composition. Sentences are logically connected. To achieve coherence the writer may use transitions, connectives, parallel structure, repetition, pronouns, and synonyms.

Conventions Rating

+ The composition provides evidence that the writer has a reasonable and acceptable level of proficiency in sentence formation, usage, mechanics, and spelling. – The composition provides evidence that the writer does not have a reasonable and acceptable level of proficiency in sentence formation, usage, mechanics, and spelling.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Essay

Expository Clarification Essay

DIRECTIONS: After you have read the student essay, fill in this sheet with your observations. Provide thoughtful, thorough responses, and be sure to provide specific references to the essay. Write a response to every question. 1. The introduction of an essay should catch the reader’s attention and let the reader know what the essay will discuss. Evaluate the effectiveness of the introduction in this essay. Then suggest one way the introduction could be improved.

2. When writing a clarification essay, the writer should establish a stance or position and offer reasons to support it. Look over the reasons the writer offers in this essay. Do these reasons clearly support the writer’s position? Identify any reasons that are unclear or confusing, and explain why you think they are ineffective.

3. Writers can make an expository essay more interesting by including anecdotes (brief, vivid stories that illustrate a point) and other supporting details. Identify two anecdotes or specific details that make this essay more readable. If the writer did not include anecdotes, identify a place where you think it might have been useful to include one.

4. Precise vocabulary and vivid word choice can make an essay more interesting to read. Identify at least three words in this essay that you think can be replaced with more vivid or accurate language. Use a thesaurus or dictionary to find synonyms for these words.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

Score of 1

I would like to travel to lots of different lands I would like to take a trip all around the world There are many places to see This includes Scotland My ancesters are from Scotland There are mysteries there

I like to read about mysteries, spooky ghost stories and haunted places There’s haunted castles in Scotland My friend Karen would be scared to go because she hates all gohst stories and scarey movies even on Halloween I wouldn’t be scared to go to a haunted castle in Scotland I wouldn’t be scared to go to Lock Ness and se the monster either Nessie is like a gohst because there’s no clear photographs of her

Karen is from Peurto Rico My grandmother came from Scotland We all have different backgrounds it’s interesting to hear about ancesters Karen and I go to the same school and live in the same town but our ancesters came from different places far away Karen has been to her home land I want to go to mine Karen has photos of herself in Peurto Rico, I want photos of myself in Scotland

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

Score of 2

There are several foreign countries I would like to visit, and they include China, Canada, Australia, Scotland, Jamaica, and Japan The one I most want to see is Scotland Second on the list close behind is Canada because it’s not so far away I would like to see Scotland because I have heard about some of the mysterious and interesting places there My heritage is in Scotland

My grandmother loves to talk about Scotland She taught me about it There are clans, tartans, the Scottish Highlands, Lock Ness, castles, historical figures, and Edinburgh International Festival of the Arts That’s a lot to see I could look for my family tartan

. see if it is real for myself. If I went there. The capital of this country is Edinburgh. There’s a castle there you can walk through. The natural landscape have steep valleys, green fields, and blue lakes, and farmers raise sheep there. It is a place I have always wanted to see. I would take photographs. I could add my photographs to my grandmother’s photographs of Scotland. A photo of Nessie would make me famous. My grandmother said a trip to Scotland is like a trip going back home.

Loch Ness has the Lock Ness Monster some say it is real They call it “Nessie ” I could

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

Score of 4

There are several foreign countries I would like to visit, but the one I most want to see is Scotland Some of my ancestors came from there, and I would really like to find out more about my heritage I also would like to see Scotland because I have heard about some of the mysterious places there, and I want to investigate them in person

My grandmother came from Scotland when she was a little girl, and she has been collecting information about our family for a long time She told me that many of our ancestors came from Scotland and settled in the United States in the eighteenth century She explained that each family, or clan, in Scotland has its own tartan A tartan is a kind of plaid fabric made from wool; it is used in making clothes and banners Each tartan has its own special design and colors and is an easy way for the Scottish people to identify members of different clans During my visit, I hope I can find our tartan and locate other members of our clan

I have also heard many family stories about the Scottish Highlands, and I would hope

my visit would take me through this beautiful area My grandmother has photographs of its steep valleys, green fields, and crystal blue lakes I would especially like to see Loch Ness swimming in this lake I would like to see the creature, called “Nessie,” for myself It is 23 miles long and about 800 feet deep Many people claim to have seen a sea creature

My grandmother also told the story of a haunted castle in Edinburgh She said the castle belonged to Robert Bruce, a legendary warrior and later a king of Scotland I would like to spend time wandering the castle and visiting other museums and shops in the capital city

The highlight of my trip, however, would be a visit to the Edinburgh International Festival

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

(continued)

Score of 4

of the Arts It is held every year in August and features music and traditional dances I would like to hear the bagpipes play, and dance the Highland fling during the festival long time to come

A trip to Scotland, for me, would be a trip back in time, but a trip to remember for a

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Scoring Explanation: Expository Clarification Essay

Refer to pages 8–9 for the Focused Holistic Score Scale and the Conventions Rating. These scoring guides help explain how these essays were evaluated.

Essay 1

Focused Holistic Score: 1 The writer responds to the prompt, but he or she provides little real support for the choice and frequently digresses. The essay lacks focus and is incomplete. Conventions Rating: – This essay is choppy and includes run-on sentences and errors in spelling, subject-verb agreement, and pronoun usage.

Essay 2

Focused Holistic Score: 2 The writer addresses the prompt and includes many reasons to support his or her choice. However, the reasons are listed and lack elaboration. In addition, the organization is somewhat haphazard, and paragraphs lack coherence. Conventions Rating: – This essay contains sentence fragments and run-on sentences, spelling and punctuation errors, and errors in subject-verb agreement and pronoun use.

Essay 3

Focused Holistic Score: 4 The writer responds to the prompt and stays focused on the main idea throughout the essay. The writer provides several reasons to support his or her choice, and these reasons are well elaborated and clear. Paragraphs are coherent, and the body paragraphs are parallel in structure. The response is well organized with a logical progression of ideas. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains no significant errors.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay: Prompt 2

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Think about a person from history that you would most like to meet if you could. It can be any famous person who is no longer alive—a military leader or an artist, a hero or a villain. Identify this person and explain why you would like to meet her or him.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Identify the person from history that you would like to meet. • Give at least two reasons why you would like to meet this person. Explain your reasons. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Focused Holistic Score Scale: Expository Clarification Essay

SCORE POINT 4 The response reflects a strong mastery of expository writing. There is skill in all four criteria. The writer clearly identifies the subject matter and focuses on it exclusively. The writer provides relevant reasons to support his or her choice and elaborates on those reasons with details that are both appropriate and clearly articulated. The response follows a clear, logical organization with a beginning, middle, and end. The writer exhibits an appropriate sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay is coherent and seems complete in all aspects. SCORE POINT 3 The response reflects a reasonable mastery of expository writing. There is competency in all four criteria. The response clearly identifies the subject matter, focuses on this topic, and gives reasons, details, and examples to support it. Some responses may include only a few clearly elaborated reasons; others may present more reasons with less elaboration. There may be some minor weaknesses in coherence. Some explanations may be unclear, or transitional links may be missing. However, the response is organized and coherent overall, demonstrating a clear, logical progression. The writing shows an acceptable sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay seems complete, but minor weaknesses may appear. SCORE POINT 2 The response reflects a weak mastery of expository writing. The response focuses on the subject matter but is deficient in some other major area. Some responses provide only one reason to support the main idea. (The minimum number required is two.) Others may provide two or more reasons, but offer little elaboration. The writer makes some effort to include supporting details; but those details are insufficient and not clearly related to the subject matter, requiring the reader to make inferences. The response has some organizational strategy, but the logical progression may be haphazard and occasionally difficult to follow. The writer may lack an appropriate sense of audience. Some aspects of the prompt may not be addressed. SCORE POINT 1 The response reflects a lack of understanding of expository writing. It demonstrates an effort to address the prompt but does not sustain consistent focus. The writer makes an effort to support ideas but without an overall sense of strategy or control. If the response offers reasons to support the main idea, they are inappropriate or unintelligible. Elaboration is unclear and off-topic. The writer lacks an appropriate sense of audience. Many essays lack any organizing principle or sense of direction. Others may demonstrate minimal control but are simply too undeveloped to receive a higher score.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Date

NON-SCORABLE The composition is entirely illegible, incoherent, off-topic, blank, or written in a language other than English.

Expository Clarification Essay: Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria

Conventions Rating

+ The composition provides evidence that the writer has a reasonable and acceptable level of proficiency in sentence formation, usage, spelling, and mechanics. – The composition provides evidence that the writer does not have a reasonable and acceptable level of proficiency in sentence formation, usage, spelling, and mechanics.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

Score of 1

I first heard about Martha Graham from a TV show my dad was watching. It had singers, actors, artists, and dancers. Martha Graham was a famous dancer and choregraphed many dances. Controversial too. Some people didn’t like the way she made dances different. From so called normal ballet. She was ahead of her time doing things differently. Some people called crazy in one time are later called genius. If I could meet anybody I would meet a great person like Martha Graham. Popular dance is different today and I could ask Martha Graham about it. Dancing is harder than most adults think, and there’s no way that kids can become great dancers unless there are programs in school to help kids become a professional dancer. Dad says no lessons for me til I’m sixteen. I think arts education is just as important as math.

If I can’t be a dancer I might be an artist. I see great artists on TV and I think about my goals. Martha Graham inspired many other famous dancers and I might want to be a famous dancer. That is why I would want to meet Martha Graham. One of the trates of a great dancer is they inspire other dancers.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

I would like to meet Martha Graham. She was a dancer,

Score of 2

choreographer, teacher, and one of the founders of modern dance. I want to be a professional dancer someday. I could learn from her. I would talk about the challenges she faced about becoming a dancer. She overcame obstecles. Her father did not want her to become a dancer, so she was not able to take dance lessons until she was a teenager. My dad doesn’t want me to take dance lessons until I am sixteen, even though my sister got to take tap when she was thirteen. But that’s not a good reason to wait. I’ll never reach my dreams unless I get support. It’s not fair to change the rules just because I am the youngest. I would ask Martha Graham about how she faced her challenges. Many books in our library have photos and essays about Martha Graham. Some of her dances were based on the stories we studied when we did a unit on mythology. It would be fun to get a dance lesson from Martha Graham. If I got a lesson from her I would listen carefully. Martha Graham could coach me and tell me what to do to join a famous dance company. I like classical ballet, but I like modern dance much better. My dream is to be the next Martha Graham of modern dance.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

Score of 4

If I could meet anyone from history, I would choose to meet Martha Graham. She was a dancer, choreographer, teacher, and one of the founders of modern dance. She was brilliant and unconventional. I want to be a professional dancer someday, and I believe I could learn many things from her. I would first ask Ms. Graham how she got her ideas for modern dance. Before her, dance performances on stage were almost always classical ballet. Graham changed dance as an art form by developing new techniques that showed feelings and emotions in new ways. She got her inspiration from famous women and mythology. Her style included much more floor work and different types of costumes and sets. I would want to know her opinions of today’s popular dance trends, such as the jazz tapping of Savion Glover or the sounds and movements of

the dancers in Stomp. I would ask Ms. Graham what motivated her. Dancing is very hard work, and self-discipline and motivation are the keys to being successful. Sometimes it’s difficult for a dancer to stay disciplined enough to work hard and practice every day. It can be easy to become frustrated, discouraged, or even just busy with other things, but it’s important not to give up. Ms. Graham had a very long career, and I would like to know how she stayed motivated. I would then talk to her about the challenges she faced in

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay

(continued)

Score of 4

becoming a dancer and how she overcame them. Her father did not want her to be a dancer, so she was not able to take dance lessons until she was a teenager. That is very late in the life of a professional dancer. Ms. Graham also had a different type of body from other dancers. She was a short person at a time when most ballet dancers had long, graceful limbs. Everyone, including myself, faces challenges, and sometimes it is helpful to hear about how other people handle their problems. Most of all, however, I would like to meet Ms. Graham and dance for her. I would listen to her instructions and her advice. I would ask what it takes to join a dance company like hers, and how I can turn my dream into reality. I can think of no better way to get started on my own career than by learning from the best in modern dance, and that, for me, is Martha Graham.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Scoring Explanation: Expository Clarification Essay

Refer to pages 17–18 for the Focused Holistic Score Scale and the Conventions Rating. These scoring guides help explain how these essays were evaluated.

Essay 1

Focused Holistic Score: 1 The writer responds to the prompt but does not directly state the main point, or thesis. Although many of the details support the main idea, those details are not elaborated. In addition, the response lacks structure and organization and frequently digresses to other topics. Conventions Rating: – This essay contains run-on sentences, fragments, and several errors in spelling and punctuation.

Essay 2

Focused Holistic Score: 2 The writer focuses on a topic and attempts to address the prompt. The writer supplies sufficient reasons for his or her choice and elaborates those reasons somewhat. However, the organization is weak, and the response is difficult to follow at times. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains minor errors in spelling and punctuation.

Essay 3

Focused Holistic Score: 4 The writer provides a strong thesis statement that addresses the prompt and provides clear reasons. The response is well organized. Each reason is amply elaborated with relevant and appropriate details and examples, and the essay shows an appropriate sense of audience. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains no significant errors.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay: Prompt 3

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Think about your favorite character from a book, movie, or TV show. Name the character and explain why he or she is your favorite.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Name your favorite character from a book, movie, or TV show. • Give at least two reasons why this is your favorite character. Explain your reasons. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Clarification Essay: Prompt 4

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

There are three main meals in a day—breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Choose the meal of the day that you like best and explain why it is your favorite.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Name your favorite meal of the day. • Give at least two reasons why this is your favorite meal. Explain your reasons. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay: Prompt 1

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Take a position on whether your school should require all students to participate in a monthly cleanup of the school grounds. State your position and explain why you think students should or should not be required to participate in a monthly cleanup.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Clearly state your position. • Include at least two points that support your position. • Use examples and specific details to support each point. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Focused Holistic Score Scale: Expository Point-of-View Essay

SCORE POINT 4 The response reflects a strong mastery of expository writing. There is skill in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, provides reasons to support this position, and supports these reasons with details that are both appropriate and clearly articulated. The overall argument is thoughtful and convincing. The response follows a clear, logical progression with a beginning, middle, and end. The writer shows an appropriate sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay seems complete in all aspects. SCORE POINT 3 The response reflects a reasonable mastery of expository writing. There is competency in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, focuses on this position, and gives reasons, details, and examples to support it. Some responses may present a few clearly elaborated reasons; others contain more reasons but with less elaboration. There may be minor weaknesses in coherence. The writer may not explain some reasons sufficiently, and a few transitional links may be missing. However, the response is organized and coherent overall, demonstrating a clear, logical progression. The writing shows an acceptable sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay seems complete, but minor weaknesses may appear. SCORE POINT 2 The response reflects a weak mastery of expository writing. The writer has focused on a position, but is deficient in some other major area. Some responses provide only one reason to support a position. (The minimum number required is two.) Others may provide reasons that are unclear, inadequately developed, or tangential to the argument. The response clearly has some kind of organizational strategy, but the logical progression may be haphazard and occasionally difficult to follow. The writer may lack an appropriate sense of audience. Some aspects of the prompt may be missing, or the essay may seem incomplete. SCORE POINT 1 The response reflects a lack of understanding of expository writing. The response demonstrates an effort to address the prompt; however, the response does not sustain focus. The writer may have made an effort to support his or her points, but there is little or no sense of strategy or control. Reasons offered by the writer may not satisfactorily support the main idea, and support for reasons is weak or nonexistent. Many responses might lack any organizing principle or sense of direction. Others may demonstrate minimal control but are extremely sparse.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

NON-SCORABLE The composition is entirely illegible, incoherent, off-topic, blank, or written in a language other than English.

Expository Point-of-View Essay: Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria

Main Idea The writer clearly states the issue and his or her position on the topic. If the reader is confused about the subject matter, the writer has not effectively related a main idea. Supporting Details The writer provides sufficient details to explain, develop, and support his or her position fully. The writer also provides details that are related to the subject matter and address the inherent question, “Why?” Organization The writer establishes a sense of beginning, middle, and ending in the composition. The composition shows a logical development from beginning to end and seems complete. Coherence The writer establishes relationships between the ideas, reasons, and/or statements in the composition. Sentences are logically connected. To achieve coherence the writer may use transitions, connectives, parallel structure, repetition, pronouns, and synonyms.

Conventions Rating

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Essay

Expository Point-of-View Essay

DIRECTIONS: After you have read the student essay, fill in this sheet with your observations. Provide thoughtful, thorough responses, and be sure to provide specific references to the essay. Write a response to every question. 1. The thesis statement of an essay is a statement of the main idea. In a point of view essay, the thesis statement states the writer’s point of view on a given topic. Identify the thesis statement in this essay. Is it clearly stated? Explain.

2. Does each paragraph directly relate to the main idea of the essay? If so, explain your answer. If not, identify one or two places where the writer seems to digress (move away from the main point) and offer suggestions for how this essay could be improved.

3. A point-of-view essay should explain the writer’s position on a subject. However, in some cases a writer might use strong language to try to convince readers to agree with his or her point of view. Identify words in this essay that emphasize the writer’s conviction or strength of feeling. If you think the language is too strong, suggest one or two places where the writer could state his/her point of view in a more straightforward manner.

4. The conclusion of an essay should restate the writer’s thesis and sum up the main points in the essay. Does the conclusion in this essay do that? If yes, explain why. If not, identify one way the writer could make the conclusion of this essay clearer or more interesting.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

Score of 1

I think all students should participate in a monthly cleanup. It’s a great idea better then the stupid suggestion about no more than two field trips in a year. Kids wouldn’t mind it would make everybody feel good. Cleaner schools are what we want, not less field trips. All the kids use the school building and the grounds so they should help keep it clean. We have rules, if my brother doesn’t do his chores he doesn’t get to watch TV. Most kids are not like my brother and they would be willing to do something. Trash on the ground can be a danger attracting insects of all kinds. It is easier to pick up trash then hiring a pestaside company to kill all the bugs. So it saves money. This school needs more money and they shouldn’t be wasting the money they do have anyway. Canceling an after school activity to have a cleanup is not right. Extracuriculer activities are important to education. A scedule must be made for the cleanup so we don’t have conflicts with sports and clubs.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

Score of 2

I think that all students should participate in a monthly cleanup. It would make things better for everyone. Students have to clean up their rooms at home, so they should have to clean up their school. Nobody likes to see trash. Our society is becoming a bunch of litter bugs. You see trash everywhere. Cans, bottles, people even throw out furnature sometimes. It’s not right to polute. People who make messes should clean them up. There’s public trash cans on our streets they don’t get used because lazy people would rather throw a fast food bag on the ground than take a few extra steps to throw it away properly. This is a problem at our school and we need it cleaner. School safety is another reason. The school grounds should be safe at all times. No student should ever get hurt at school unless it is an accident playing sports, that’s the only way something like a broken ankel should happen at a school. Also, insects attracted to trash can spread disease and pesticides used to kill them can also make people sick. Janiters work hard all day picking up after students. They wouldn’t have to work so hard if students could learn to litter less. More trash cans in the school would help the problem. Students will feel better and learn more at a cleaner school. We all want better grades and trash can be a safety hazerd at a school. It’s just not right to have trash everywhere and we should do something about it this is our school. Show some pride. Why should janiters do all the work. Students need to take responsibility and help cleanup the school because we spend a lot of time here.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

Score of 4

Picking up litter may not be an enjoyable activity, but it’s one of the most important jobs at our schools. Imagine if we didn’t clean up our homes and our neighborhoods! We would live surrounded by trash. The same is true for our school: if we don’t clean up the building and grounds, we learn in an environment that is unsanitary and unsafe. I think that all students should be responsible for their environment and participate in a monthly cleanup. It would make the school grounds more attractive, decrease costs, and increase school spirit. Students could volunteer to work one Saturday morning a month. They would pick up litter on the playground and parking lot and in the hallways. This would make the school look better than it does today. Students would be less likely to throw paper on the ground or leave trash in the halls, knowing that they would eventually have to clean them. That would make the job of cleaning the school easier. When many people work together, the job is done faster. There is another benefit to keeping the grounds cleaner. The building and the grounds would be safer. Broken bottles, discarded soda cans, food wrappers, and old newspapers pollute the playground and parking lot. This trash is not only hazardous, but it attracts pests, such as insects and rodents, that can spread disease. If students picked up the litter frequently, the school would not need to hire exterminators or use pesticides to get rid of unwanted animals. A cleaner environment would also save money. The school wouldn’t have to hire professional sanitation companies, so money could be used for other things, such as dances and other activities. If a sanitation company charges $20 per hour per worker, and it takes 6 workers 8 hours to clean the school once a month, the school would have to spend $960 per month. That’s $9,600 per school year if the company cleaned only during the 10 months when teachers and students are in school. There are so many

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

(continued)

Score of 4

other things that can be done with those resources. Finally, working together for the good of the school would increase school spirit. Students would be proud of a school they help to improve. While vandalism may not be eliminated, more students would be aware of the work involved in a cleanup, and might discourage others from littering. A monthly cleanup would involve students in their school and in their community. A common purpose, like keeping the school attractive and safe, brings people together. It would help bridge some of the differences between different groups of students in the same school. From September to June, students spend more hours in the school building than almost anywhere else. If students participated in a monthly cleanup of their school, the grounds would stay clean and safe, the district would save money, and students would learn the value of working together. It would be a positive experience for everyone.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Scoring Explanation: Expository Point-of-View Essay

Refer to pages 27–28 for the Focused Holistic Score Scale and the Conventions Rating. The following scoring guides help explain how these essays were evaluated.

Essay 1

Focused Holistic Score: 1 The writer attempts to address the prompt and takes a position, but the essay is unfocused and the argument does not flow logically. The reasons given in support of the position are poorly organized and elaborated, with multiple digressions. Conventions Rating: – This essay contains errors in sentence structure, spelling, usage, and punctuation.

Essay 2

Focused Holistic Score: 2 The writer addresses the prompt and clearly states his or her position. The essay contains some organizational structure. The response provides reasons to support the position, but those reasons are not always focused or well developed, and the writer tends to digress in several paragraphs. Conventions Rating: – This essay contains errors in sentence structure, subject-verb agreement, pronoun use, and spelling.

Essay 3

Focused Holistic Score: 4 The writer clearly states a position for a monthly cleanup and has a strategy to support that position (“make the school more attractive, decrease costs, and increase school spirit”).

Each point is fully developed and supported. The overall argument is thoughtful and convincing. The response is thought provoking, articulate, and complete. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains no significant errors.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay: Prompt 2

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Take a position on whether or not adults should limit the amount of time that children spend on the Internet. State your position and explain why you think parents or guardians should or should not limit the amount of time that children spend on the Internet.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Focused Holistic Score Scale: Expository Point-of-View Essay

SCORE POINT 4 The response reflects a strong mastery of expository writing. There is skill in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, provides reasons to support this position, and supports these reasons with details that are appropriate and clearly articulated. The overall argument is thoughtful and convincing. The response follows a clear, logical progression with a beginning, middle, and end. The writer shows an appropriate sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay seems complete in all aspects. SCORE POINT 3 The response reflects a reasonable mastery of expository writing. There is competency in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, focuses on this position, and gives reasons, details, and examples to support it. Some responses may present a few clearly elaborated reasons; others contain more reasons but with less elaboration. There may be minor weaknesses in coherence. The writer may not explain some reasons sufficiently, and a few transitional links may be missing. However, the response is organized and coherent overall, demonstrating a clear, logical progression. The writing shows an acceptable sense of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay seems complete, but minor weaknesses may appear. SCORE POINT 2 The response reflects a weak mastery of expository writing. The writer has focused on a position, but is deficient in some other major area. Some responses provide only one reason to support a position. (The minimum number required is two.) Others may provide reasons that are unclear, inadequately developed, or tangential to the argument. The response clearly has some kind of organizational strategy, but the logical progression may be haphazard and occasionally difficult to follow. The writer may lack an appropriate sense of audience. Some aspects of the prompt may be missing, or the essay may seem incomplete. SCORE POINT 1 The response reflects a lack of understanding of expository writing. The response demonstrates an effort to address the prompt; however, the response does not sustain focus. The writer may have made an effort to support his or her points, but there is little or no sense of strategy or control. Reasons offered by the writer may not satisfactorily support the main idea, and support for reasons is weak or nonexistent. Many responses might lack any organizing principle or sense of direction. Others may demonstrate minimal control but are extremely sparse.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

NON-SCORABLE The composition is entirely illegible, incoherent, off-topic, blank, or written in a language other than English.

Expository Point-of-View Essay: Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria

Main Idea The writer clearly states the issue and his or her position on the topic. If the reader is confused about the subject matter, the writer has not effectively related the main idea. Supporting Details The writer provides sufficient details to explain, develop, and support his or her position fully. The writer also provides details that are related to the subject matter and address the inherent question, “Why?” Organization The writer establishes a sense of beginning, middle, and ending in the composition. The composition shows a logical development from beginning to end and seems complete. Coherence The writer establishes relationships between the ideas, reasons, and/or statements in the composition. Sentences are logically connected. To achieve coherence the writer may use transitions, connectives, parallel structure, repetition, pronouns, and synonyms.

Conventions Rating

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

Score of 1

My Mom lets me have only t wo hou rs on t he compu ter each day, and I gu ess t hat¢s a good idea bu t it isn¢t always easy. If I cou ld stay u p as late as I wanted t hen t wo hou rs wou ld be okay bu t i f I get home from school at 5:00 after soccer practi ce and t hen we have dinner at 6:00 and t hen t here¢s homework and I have to be in bed by 10:00 t hen it¢s hard to have t hose t wo hou rs. The compu ter at home isn¢t nearly as fast as t he ones at school so t wo hou rs is not a lot of time to get t hings li ke homework done. Mom says I spend too much time on t he internet and she says i f she didn¢t limit my time t hen I¢d be on it all night and never get any exercise or sleep. My Brot her and my Mom use t he compu ter too and sometimes we get in argu ments abou t w hose tu rn it is. Especially Dere k and me. He cou ld play videogames for days wit hou t stopping. He¢s getting prett y good at t hat new car racing game. So I can see w hy kids shou ld only have a certain amou nt of time on t he compu ter i f we want to get enough exercise and sleep and get ou r homework done.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

shou ld have a well- balanced li fe. If children spend too much time on t he Internet you might forget to do you r

Score of 2

There shou ld be a limit to t he amou nt of time children spend on t he Internet. Children

homework. Unless t hey¢re using t he Internet for a homework assigment. That¢s di fferent. The Internet can be a great tool to help wit h research papers or i f you need to find a photograph you can use a “ earch engine.” I needed to find a photo of ou r state capitol s building and it was easy wit h t he Internet. I used t he photo on t he cover sheet of my report. If someone uses t he Internet too much you might end u p arguing wit h you r family over compu ter time, you cou ld also get a hand cramp, you might not get enough sleep, you r eyes may hu rt i f t here¢s not enough light, and you will not get enough exercise. Sitting in one spot in front of a compu ter screen is just as bad as watching TV. Priorities are important in li fe. Using t he Internet for videogames is okay after homework is done. Some videogames are educational. T much of a good t hing is bad. Li ke oo anyt hing else in li fe using t he Internet responsably is t he best way to use it. Parents and children shou ld discuss issu es. Sometimes my older brot her Derri ck or my mom want to use t he Internet at t he same time I do. We have school and she has work. We

can work it ou t. If no body uses it for too long t hen its fai r to everybody in t he family. So t he limits on time on using t he Internet can help t he family get along better.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

Score of 4

The Internet has become an important sou rce for education and entertainment, and it¢s easy to lose t rack of time w hile “ u rfing t he We b,” eit her for a homework assignment or s for fu n. That is one of many reasons w hy adu lts shou ld limit t he amou nt of time t hat children spend on t he We b. W hile using t he Internet is fu n and convenient, it can also become u nhealt hy i f it is used too much. Children need to have a well- balanced li fe t hat inclu des family and friends. Relationshi ps wit h family and friends can su ffer i f a person spends all day and night staring at a compu ter screen. Someone w ho spends too much time on t he Internet may not spend enough time talking to family members. This lack of family commu ni cation can cause tension and argu ments. Anot her sou rce of tension can come w hen ot her family members want to use t he compu ter. In my household my mot her my older brot her and I all , , share one compu ter. If one of us spends several hou rs online, t he ot hers can¢t get t hei r work done. Limiting t he amou nt of time t hat one person can be on t he compu ter lets everyone have a chance and helps prevent family argu ments. By sharing we show respect for each ot her¢s needs. Anot her reason for such limits is t hat children need plent y of physi cal activit y. Regu lar exercise helps children grow taller and st ronger. Activities such as jogging,

swimming, and playing soccer can make for healt hy lu ngs and a st rong heart. W hile using t he Internet can increase “ brain power it does little to increase physi cal healt h. The key ,” to having a well- balanced li fe is to find t he proper mix of exercise and quiet stu dy time. Bot h are important, bu t neit her one shou ld be done too much. A person w ho spends too much time in “ yberspace may have a weak, u nhealt hy body because of too little exercise. c ” Finally, spending too much time on t he Internet can lead to bad stu dy habits. For example, it¢s tempting to play a video game, send messages back and fort h to friends w ho are also online, or read abou t you r favorite soccer player on t he We b instead of doing homework. Limiting t he amou nt of time spent on t he We b can help stu dents to keep priorities in order.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay

(continued)

Score of 4

Some children may not t hink it¢s fai r bu t setting limits on t he amou nt of Internet time , is really for t hei r own good. Even w hen someone t hinks he or she will only be online for a few minu tes, time can sli p away as t he person gets w rapped u p in a project, cli cking from site to site. Having a parent say, “Time¢s u p!” may be a disappointment, bu t it also keeps a child from spending too much time in front of a compu ter screen. Just t hink abou t t he di fference bet ween a soccer game on t he Internet and actu ally playing a soccer game. There¢s no comparison! The Internet is a great tool, bu t i f it used too much, a person might tu rn into an antisocial, lazy stu dent wit h bad grades and poor stu dy habits. If t he Internet is used t he right amou nt, it can help people accomplish many t hings.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Scoring Explanation: Expository Point-of-View Essay

Refer to pages 36 –37 for the Focused Holistic Score Scale and the Conventions Rating. The following scoring guides help explain how these essays were evaluated.

Essay 1

Focused Holistic Score: 1 The writer has apparently read and attempted to respond to the prompt, but the essay is unfocused with almost no elaboration for the main points. Organization is weak, the essay lacks coherence, and the argument is confusing, requiring readers to infer much of the meaning. Conventions Rating: – The essay contains errors in sentence formation, usage, and mechanics.

Essay 2

Focused Holistic Score: 2 The writer addresses the prompt, and provides reasons to support his or her point of view, but the response lacks coherence, the organization is weak, and the writer digresses from the topic. One paragraph simply lists reasons without sufficient elaboration. Conventions Rating: – The essay shows errors in punctuation, spelling, sentence structure, and pronoun use.

Essay 3

Focused Holistic Score: 4 The writer responds to the prompt, stating a position and focusing on explaining and supporting that position throughout the essay. Main points are well elaborated, an appropriate sense of audience exists, and the essay is complete. Conventions Rating: + There are no significant errors in the essay.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay: Prompt 3

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Take a position on whether your school should place more emphasis on safety. State your position and explain why you think your school should or should not place more emphasis on safety.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Expository Point-of-View Essay: Prompt 4

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Currently, teenagers in North Carolina must be at least 15 years old to obtain a learner’s permit. This permit allows them to drive with adult supervision. Take a position on whether or not the age for obtaining a learner’s permit should be lowered to thirteen. State your position and explain why you think the age for getting a permit should or should not be lowered to thirteen.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Clearly state your position. • Include at least two points that support your position. • Use examples and details to support each point. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Personal Narrative Essay: Prompt 1

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Think about a time when you were embarrassed. Tell the story of your embarrassing moment.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Include the time and place of the story. • Tell a story that has a beginning, middle, and end. • Use strategies to maintain the reader’s interest, such as dialogue or description. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Focused Holistic Score Scale: Narrative Essay

SCORE POINT 4 The response reflects a strong mastery of narrative writing. There is skill in all four criteria. The writer has chosen a subject appropriate to the prompt, addresses all aspects of the prompt, and focuses on the subject throughout the narrative. The writer’s organization progresses logically from beginning to end, so that the reader easily grasps the chronology of events. The story seems complete. The writer supplies appropriate details, such as descriptions of characters and settings, that contribute to the story and employs literary devices such as dialogue and suspense to maintain the reader’s interest. The composition is coherent, vivid, and engaging. SCORE POINT 3 The response reflects a reasonable mastery of narrative writing. The writer focuses on a subject appropriate to the prompt, with perhaps slight digression, and touches on all aspects of the prompt. The story has a clear beginning, middle, and end. It flows with only minor breaks in progression. The writer has attempted to make the composition interesting through the use of descriptive detail, dialogue, and/or suspense. Although some minor weaknesses are present, the response is thorough, coherent, and complete. SCORE POINT 2 The response reflects a weak mastery of narrative writing. The subject responds to the prompt, but the writer may not focus on the subject throughout the narrative. The writer attempts to tell a story with a beginning, middle, and end. There may be some ambiguity involving the setting, sequence of events, or characters. Some responses may make a cursory attempt to engage the reader’s interest, but much of the story is told in a flat, factual way, with little attempt at dramatization. Other responses might be creative but confusing, with missing transitions and other flaws in coherence. The narrative may seem incomplete. SCORE POINT 1 The response reflects a lack of understanding of narrative writing. It demonstrates an effort to address the prompt. However, the response may be sparse, digressive, or confusing. The writer may attempt to tell a story, but critical information is missing. Some responses may not clearly introduce characters or situations; others may begin to tell a story but fail to finish it. The writer employs literary devices sparingly, in a way that is ineffective or confusing. Many responses exhibit a minimal sense of organization but are simply too sparse to warrant a higher score.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

NON-SCORABLE The composition is entirely illegible, incoherent, off-topic, blank, or written in a language other than English.

Personal Narrative Essay: Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria

Main Idea The writer identifies the subject of the narrative and consistently focuses on the main idea while responding to the prompt. Supporting Details The writer provides sufficient details to explain, develop, and support the events in the narrative. The writer also provides details that enhance the story, such as details about characters and setting. Organization The writer establishes a sense of beginning, middle, and ending in the composition. The composition shows a logical development from beginning to end and seems complete. Coherence The writer establishes relationships between the events in the narrative. Sentences are logically connected. To achieve coherence the writer may use transitions, connectives, parallel structure, repetition, pronouns, and synonyms.

Conventions Rating

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Essay

Personal Narrative Essay

DIRECTIONS: After you have read the student essay, fill in this sheet with your observations. Provide thoughtful, thorough responses, and be sure to provide specific references to the essay. Write a response to every question. 1. Does this essay tell a story with a beginning, middle, and end? Did you finish reading this story feeling satisfied? If so, explain why. If not, identify points in the narrative where you wish the writer had supplied more information.

2. Has the writer used narrative strategies such as description and dialogue to make the story interesting? If so, identify points where the writer used such strategies effectively. If not, explain how you feel the writer could revise the story to make it more dramatic.

3. Were there any places in the essay where you became confused or uninterested? Identify a specific place where you lost interest or you had an unanswered question.

4. Reread the final paragraph of this essay. How successful do you think it is as an ending? If you feel it is successful, explain why. If you feel it is unsatisfying in some way, also explain why.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Personal Narrative Essay

De bbie¢s wedding.

Score of 1

The most embarrasing t hing t hat ever happened to me was w hen I was in my sister The company sent t he w rong size of dress for me to wear. I had told her my size bu t it was w rong. De bbie said “it will be okay I didn¢t beleive her. We had to stay u p late soing to ” fix t he dress. At t he wedding t he stitches started coming ou t and t he sleeve came loose. I t ried to hold my arm in a way t hat hid it. I pu t on anot her dress later. Some companies aren¢t very good at getting stu ff right. That¢s a company t hat we won¢t be bu ying from again. Going right to t he store is maybe a better way so t hey get t he size right.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Personal Narrative Essay

Score of 2

My sister De bbie lives t hree hu ndred miles away so I don¢t get to see her as often as I wou ld li ke. I was excited w hen she as ked me to be in her wedding. I wanted to help De bbie any way I cou ld. The most embarrassing moment of my li fe happened at her wedding. De bbie ordered my dress for me, and she said it wou ld arrive in plent y of time to be altered for t he wedding. The wee k of De bbie¢s wedding, t he dress still had not arrived. The night before we left for De bbie¢s, my mom and I decided to pack one of my dresses, just in case. W hen we got to De bbie¢s house, she said t hat my dress had arrived t hat afternoon. It was too big. The company got t he size w rong. Mom had to stitch it u p to fit me. We stayed u p late fixing it. Mom is prett y good at sewing. S he usu ally makes my Halloween costu me from scratch. This year I was a space alien. At t he wedding, w hen I was walking down t he aisle, t he dress started to become u nstitched. I had never been a bridesmaid before and t he dress was coming apart and everyone was looking at me. I felt so embarrassed. After t he wedding I changed into t he ot her dress and t he wedding was a happy occasion. No body seemed to noti ce.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Personal Narrative Essay

Score of 4

My sister De bbie lives t hree hu ndred miles away so I don¢t get to see her as often as I wou ld li ke. That¢s w hy I was so excited w hen she as ked me to be in her wedding. I had no idea w hat a bridesmaid does, bu t I wanted to help De bbie any way I cou ld. How was I to know t hat t he most embarrassing moment of my li fe wou ld happen at her wedding? De bbie ordered my dress because I live so far away. I was a little nervous abou t not t rying it on, bu t we told De bbie my dress size. De bbie called me after she ordered it and assu red me t hat it was beau ti fu l. S he spoke wit h a representative from t he company and was told t hat my dress wou ld arrive in plent y of time for any necessary alterations. Everyt hing seemed to be arranged. Mont hs went by and t he dress had not arrived. The ot her bridesmaids had t hei r dresses, and t hei r alterations were done. I started to worry. Two wee ks before t he wedding, Mom called t he company from w hi ch De bbie ordered t he dress. Yes, t hey had t he order. Yes, t hey had t he right size. Yes, t he dress wou ld arrive in plent y of time. I was still worried. The wee k of De bbie¢s wedding arrived, bu t my dress did not. The night before we left, my mom and I decided to pack one of my dresses, just in case. W hen we walked into De bbie¢s house, she t hrew her arms arou nd me and annou nced t hat my dress had arrived t hat

afternoon. I was so excited t hat I ran into t he living room to look at it. I opened t he box on t he couch, and t here it was. De bbie was right. It was beau ti fu l. It was made of royal blu e satin, wit h tiny pearl bu ttons and a fu ll s ki rt. I took it ou t of t he box to get a better look. My screams brought my mom and De bbie ru nning. It was huge. I¢m t welve years old and t he tallest gi rl in my class, bu t t his dress was clearly made for an adu lt. I handed t he dress to my mom. I cou ldn¢t speak. S he looked at t he tag and said, “ Well, t hat explains it. It¢s a size 12 . The company confused you r age and you r dress size.” “The wedding is tomorrow. W hat are we going to do now?” I as ked wit h a so b. Tears were st reaming down my chee ks.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Personal Narrative Essay

(continued)

Score of 4

“I gu ess we¢ ll have to alter it ou rselves,” Mom said. That night, t he t hree of us worked u ntil midnight to fix t he dress. We tucked and stitched u ntil it was t he right size. We went to sleep exhausted bu t satisfied wit h ou r work. The next day no one had time to t hink abou t my dress. I didn¢t even t hink abou t it because I was busy helping De bbie get dressed. Finally, we were all ready. Standing at t he ent rance to t he chu rch, all I cou ld t hink abou t was how beau ti fu l and happy De bbie looked. The musi c started, and I began to walk down t he aisle. Then it happened. Halfway down t he aisle, I felt some of t he stitches on my right shou lder snap. I looked at my shou lder and saw t he seam was ri pping. Then I noti ced t hat ot her seams were ri pping. The side seam was open, and my hem was dragging on t he floor. I¢ve never been so embarrassed in my li fe! I tu rned very red and t ried to hold my self so t hat t he problems didn¢t show. Every eye in t he chu rch was on me. I wanted to disappear. Luckily, t he moment didn¢t last long. The wedding march started and De bbie began her walk down t he aisle. Everybody forgot abou t me and tu rned to look at her. The rest of t he ceremony went just fine, and later I changed into t he dress we brought wit h us. It cou ld have been t he worst day of my li fe, bu t De bbie was so happy and

so beau ti fu l. Her smiles made me forget my embarrassment. If I¢m ever as ked to be in a wedding again, I¢m going to go di rectly to a store to bu y my dress, and I¢ ll make su re I have it fitted well in advance. I¢m not going t hrough t hat again!

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Scoring Explanation: Personal Narrative Essay

Refer to pages 46–47 for the Focused Holistic Score Scale and the Conventions Rating. These scoring guides help explain how these essays were evaluated.

Essay 1

Focused Holistic Score: 1 The writer addresses the prompt, but the response is confusing and digressive. The chronology is clear, but there are insufficient details to support the narrative, and many of the details provided do not relate to the subject. Conventions Rating: – This essay contains some inappropriate word choices, as well as errors in spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure.

Essay 2

Focused Holistic Score: 2 The writer focuses on a subject appropriate to the prompt. The response attempts to tell a story, but the transitions are weak, and the narrative reads like a list of events. There is little dramatization, and the tone is flat. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains minor errors in usage and sentence structure.

Essay 3

Focused Holistic Score: 4 The writer clearly identifies an embarrassing moment and tells the story from beginning to end. There is a good sense of logical progression within paragraphs and throughout the essay as a whole. The response is well organized, and transitional words are used effectively. The writer uses literary devices such as dialogue and suspense to engage the reader’s interest. The essay is coherent, interesting, and vivid. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains no significant errors.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay: Prompt 1

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Think of an item that you need and do not own. It could be a bicycle, a new pair of shoes, or anything else that you feel you need. Write a letter to convince your parents or guardians of why you need this item.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Clearly state your position. • Include at least two points that support your position. • Explain each point, using examples and details. • Address the arguments that could be made against you, and show why your side is stronger. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Focused Holistic Score Scale: Persuasive Essay

SCORE POINT 4 The response reflects a strong mastery of persuasive writing. There is skill in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, provides at least two strong reasons to support this position, and supports those reasons with details that are appropriate, pertinent, and clearly articulated. The overall argument is thoughtful, logical, and convincing. The response follows a clear, logical progression; employs appropriate transitions to direct the reader’s thought; and effectively uses persuasive language to make his or her point. The writer anticipates opposing arguments, concerns, and questions, and addresses them with points that are relevant and convincing. There is an appropriate awareness of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay is complete. SCORE POINT 3 The response reflects a reasonable mastery of persuasive writing. There is competency in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, focuses on this position, and gives reasons, details, and examples to support it. Some responses contain a few well-elaborated reasons; others contain more reasons but with less elaboration. Certain points may be superficially relevant but not elaborated enough to be convincing, and a few transitions may be missing. However, the overall argument is appropriate and convincing. The writer uses effective vocabulary and sentence structure, and employs persuasive language to communicate a position. The writer anticipates opposing arguments and addresses them. An appropriate sense of audience exists. The essay seems complete. SCORE POINT 2 The response reflects a weak mastery of persuasive writing. The writer has focused on a position and made some attempt to defend it, but the response contains at least one significant weakness. Some responses provide only one reason to support a position. (The minimum number required is two.) Others may provide reasons that are unclear, illogical, inadequately developed, or tangential to the argument. The response has some kind of organizational strategy, but there may be significant breaks in the logical progression, making the argument difficult to follow. The writer makes an attempt to use persuasive language but does not demonstrate command of this technique. Some responses may anticipate opposing arguments but fail to address them clearly or adequately, thereby weakening the strength of the writer’s position. Others entirely neglect to address important points of the opposing side. Some aspects of the prompt may be missing.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

SCORE POINT 1 The response reflects a lack of understanding of persuasive writing. It is evident that the writer has read and tried to respond to the prompt; however, the response lacks focus and coherence. The writer may attempt to support ideas, but there is little or no sense of organizational strategy or logical progression. Reasons offered by the writer may not satisfactorily support the argument, and support for reasons is weak or nonexistent. Persuasive strategies may be poorly executed or too sparingly employed to be effective. The writer may fail to identify essential issues pertaining to the prompt, and may digress widely when discussing issues. The writer may avoid addressing opposing arguments entirely, or may address these arguments in a way that is confusing or ineffective. Many responses exhibit minimal control but are simply too undeveloped to receive a higher score. NON-SCORABLE The composition is entirely illegible, incoherent, off-topic, blank, or written in a language other than English.

Persuasive Essay: Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria

Main Idea The writer identifies the issue and clearly states his or her position on the issue and focuses on supporting this position throughout the composition. Supporting Details The writer provides at least two main points that support his or her position and supplies sufficient facts and reasons to support and fully develop the writer’s argument. Organization The writer provides an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The composition shows a logical development from beginning to end. Coherence The writer clearly demonstrates how the facts and reasons that are provided support his or her position on the issue. Sentences are logically connected. To achieve coherence the writer may use transitions, connectives, parallel structure, repetition, pronouns, and synonyms.

Conventions Rating

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Name

Essay

Persuasive Essay

DIRECTIONS: After you have read the student essay, fill in this sheet with your observations. Provide thoughtful, thorough responses, and be sure to provide specific references to the essay. Write a response to every question. 1. Sometimes a writer will begin a persuasive essay with a shocking story or strong statement to draw in the reader. Does the introduction of this essay draw the reader in? Suggest one way in which the opening statement of this essay could more effectively “hook” the reader.

2. Do you feel the writer argues his or her stance effectively? Identify any areas in which you think the writer’s argument is weak or unclear, and explain why these areas are ineffective.

3. Does the writer deal effectively with arguments that can be made against his or her point of view? Identify specific places in the essay where the opposing point of view is addressed. Also, mention any additional arguments that could be made against the writer’s point of view that he or she did not deal with.

4. Some writers try to sway readers by using strong language. Are there any words in this essay that emphasize the writer’s point of view? What words could you substitute to make the writer’s point of view come across more strongly?

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

Dear Mom,

Score of 1

I would like a phone and phone line in my room. If you get me this, I would really apreciate it a lot. It would make our lives alot better. Sometimes your boss tries to call you for a business emergincy for example. At your other job they never called you at home. Celluler phones are too much money and trouble. Research can be done on the Internet without leaving home, the Internet never closes. You can find whatever your looking for. You can print out educational articles without going to the library and paying fifteen cents per copy for a copy machine. Which is usually out of order anyway. There’s a lot of stress and arguing because Tommy hangs up on my friends. Why can’t he be taught to leave the phone alone I didn’t act like that when I was his age. My privacy must be respected. You always say I should respect your privacy and I do and now I am asking you to respect my privacy with a phone in my room that is always off limits to Tommy. My phone will be the answer to my not fighting with you and Tommy. Which is what we all want peace and less stress. Other kids in my class have phones and they don’t have these problems. Love, Sandy

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

Score of 2

Dear Mom, We need a second phone line for me. This second phone line would be for my personal use. This would help us both. The Internet is a great tool to help students learn. There are many educational Web sites for seventh graders and kids younger. This is one good reason for another phone line. You wouldn’t always have to check with me when you wanted to call someone, and I wouldn’t always have to check with you when I wanted to call someone. Imagine how much quieter and peaceful our house would be. When the phone rings, you would know the call was for you. There would be less stress for you. Everybody would be better off, and people could reach you easily. I would have the privacy that I need when I’m on the phone. I know that you would never listen to my phone conversations on purpose, but Tommy is only five years old and he doesn’t understand that it’s not right to pick up the phone when somebody is on it. Tommy hangs up on my friends when they call for me. This makes me mad, and Tommy and I argue all the time. You want the phone line to be free when your boss calls, and I need the phone line for homework because it can be a modem line. Just think about that time your boss needed to talk to you about the presentation and he couldn’t get through because I was talking to Jenny about the math test. You’ll get a better evaluation from your boss, and my grades will get better. It’s expensive but there would be less stress. My needs are important. We both need our own phones. Thanks, Sandy

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

Dear Mom,

Score of 4

I would like to propose something that I believe would benefit our whole family. It’s an idea that would make your life easier and enhance my life as well. I would like to suggest that we install a second phone line for my personal use. A personal phone line may sound like a selfish request, but the benefits to you are many. Just imagine the many phone calls that you have missed all this time because I’ve been using the phone. If I had my own phone line, this would never be a problem again. Now, when your boss calls with an important business matter, you would always get the call. I am sure that this would help your career. It might even help you get a promotion and a raise. Your relationships with the other people in your life would improve also because they would know that you are there for them. You would be able to communicate with them without worrying about whether or not I’m on the phone. Just imagine how much quieter and more peaceful our house would be if I had my own phone line! When the phone rang, you would know right away that the call was for you. You could decide whether to answer or not, and you would no longer have to shout for me to pick up the phone. That would be better for your health because it would reduce the stress you feel at home. As you can see, the benefits to you are numerous. A second phone line would also benefit me. First of all, I would have peace of mind when I’m on the phone because I’d know that I’m not interfering with your need to communicate with other adults. Second, I would have the privacy I need when I’m on the phone. I know that you would never intentionally listen to my phone conversations, but Tommy is only five years old, and he doesn’t understand that it’s not right to pick up the phone when someone is talking. With my own phone line, my

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

(continued)

Score of 4

privacy would be completely protected, and my relationship with my little brother would improve. Sometimes, Tommy picks up the phone and hangs up on my friends when they call. This makes me angry, and then Tommy and I argue. If I had my own phone line, this wouldn’t happen. Finally, I would be able to use the new phone line for educational purposes. It would serve double duty as a phone line and a modem line. I would be able to do research for school on my computer using my own phone line. As you can see, having a second phone line installed is a great idea. It would be good for you because it would give you back the house phone, help you stay in contact with your boss and your friends, and reduce your stress. It would be good for me because it would give me greater privacy and provide an educational tool. Finally, it would be good for our family because it would improve our relationships by eliminating our arguments about the phone. Please consider my request. Thank you, Sandy

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Scoring Explanation: Persuasive Essay

Refer to pages 55–56 for the Focused Holistic Score Scale and the Conventions Rating. These scoring guides help explain how these essays were evaluated.

Essay 1

Focused Holistic Score: 1 The writer responds to the prompt by stating the issue and giving two reasons in support of his or her view. In addition, the essay is fairly well organized, and the writer has used the persuasive technique of appealing to the audience’s (the mother’s) emotions. However, the reasons are not well elaborated, and some paragraphs tend to be digressive. Control and support for the argument are too minimal to rate a higher score. Conventions Rating: – In addition to showing problems with sentence structure, this essay contains many spelling, usage, and punctuation errors.

Essay 2

Focused Holistic Score: 2 The response is appropriate to the prompt. The writer includes effective reasons and support for his or her position, but only briefly addresses the opposing view. While there is an apparent organizational plan, the writer slips out of that organization, leading to a lack of coherence. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains minor errors in punctuation and usage.

Essay 3

Focused Holistic Score: 4 The writer clearly identifies the item and provides reasons to support why it is needed. These reasons are appropriate and convincing. The opposing argument is addressed and supported with sufficient reasons. The writer establishes a sense of beginning, development, and ending. The response is complete, convincing, and effective. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains no significant errors.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay: Prompt 2

DIRECTIONS: Write a well-organized composition on the topic below.

Identify the one invention that you think has harmed society the most. Write a newspaper editorial that convinces your community why society would be better off without that invention.

As you write your paper, remember to: • Clearly state your position. • Include at least two points that support your position. • Explain each point, using examples and details. • Address the arguments that may be made against you, and show why your side is stronger. • Write in complete sentences. • Write well-developed paragraphs with topic sentences. • Use correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.

You may use scratch paper to plan your essay. When you are finished planning, write the final copy of your essay on a separate sheet of paper.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Focused Holistic Score Scale: Persuasive Essay

SCORE POINT 4 The response reflects a strong mastery of persuasive writing. There is skill in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, provides at least two strong reasons to support this position, and supports those reasons with details that are appropriate, pertinent, and clearly articulated. The overall argument is thoughtful, logical, and convincing. The response follows a clear, logical progression; employs appropriate transitions to direct the reader’s thought; and effectively uses persuasive language to make a point. The writer anticipates opposing arguments, concerns, and questions, and addresses them with points that are relevant and convincing. There is an appropriate awareness of audience. All aspects of the prompt are addressed, and the essay is complete. SCORE POINT 3 The response reflects a reasonable mastery of persuasive writing. There is competency in all four criteria. The writer clearly states a position, focuses on this position, and gives reasons, details, and examples to support it. Some responses contain a few well-elaborated reasons; others contain more reasons but with less elaboration. Certain points may be superficially relevant but not elaborated enough to be convincing, and a few transitions may be missing. However, the overall argument is appropriate and convincing. The writer uses effective vocabulary and sentence structure, and employs persuasive language to communicate a position. The writer anticipates opposing arguments and addresses them. An appropriate sense of audience exists. The essay seems complete. SCORE POINT 2 The response reflects a weak mastery of persuasive writing. The writer has focused on a position and made some attempt to defend it, but the response contains at least one significant weakness. Some responses provide only one reason to support a position. (The minimum number required is two.) Others may provide reasons that are unclear, illogical, inadequately developed, or tangential to the argument. The response has some kind of organizational strategy, but there may be significant breaks in the logical progression, making the argument difficult to follow. The writer makes an attempt to use persuasive language, but does not demonstrate command of this technique. Some responses may anticipate opposing arguments but fail to address them clearly or adequately, therefore weakening the writer’s position. Others entirely neglect to address important points of the opposing side. Some aspects of the prompt may be missing.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay: Focused Holistic Scoring Criteria

The writer provides an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The composition shows a logical development from beginning to end. Coherence The writer clearly demonstrates how the facts and reasons that are provided support his or her position on the issue. Sentences are logically connected. To achieve coherence the writer may use transitions, connectives, parallel structure, repetition, pronouns, and synonyms.

Conventions Rating

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

t hen everybody wou ld be less fat. Wit hou t t v, people wou ld be less greedy too.

Score of 1

The worst invention ever was t he television. If t he television had not been invented, I saw on TV t hat kids are more fatter in general t han t hey used to be. On su mmer vacations my older brot her li kes to get u p and watch all t he game shows on t v. He stays u p late watching stu pid movies, t hen after he sleeps just keeps watching t v. Some of t hose game shows are prett y challenging bu t ot hers are not. All you have to do is be t here to win. W ho cares abou t watching people win refrigerators for doing not hing? Anyway, my brot her complains t hat he is getting ou t of shape bu t i f he just tu rned off t he t v and played tennis or somet hing he wou ldn¢t be getting fatter. Also t v makes people greedier. Commercials and regu lar shows have beau ti fu l characters w ho own big, ni ce houses, fancy cars, beau ti fu l clot hes, personal t rainers, and take t ri ps to exoti c places. If people see all t hat on t v t hey t hink t hat¢s t he way every body lives. Not me, for su re! People get u nsatisfied wit h t hei r own way of living and t hink t here is somet hing w rong wit h t hem. I say it¢s t v t hat¢s w rong. People shou ld stop using t v except for news. And sometimes a sports event. Then we wou ld be less fat and greedy.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

Score of 2

Of all t he modern inventions t hat are su pposed to mean progress, t he worst one ever is t he television. Because of television, people are getting less exercise and becoming si cker and more ou t of shape. Also, television makes people greedy. Many diseases are on t he rise, and people in ou r cou nt ry are getting fatter and fatter. I say t he reason is because we sit arou nd and watch too much television. Children come home and plop in front of t he TV, college kids, li ke my brot her watch television u ntil , late into t he night, video stores do a booming business in video rentals. Even I wou ld rat her watch a new movie on TV instead of having to pay a fortu ne to go to a movie t heater to see one. You can make you r own popcorn instead of having to pay a fortu ne for a tu b of oily stu ff t hat only makes you t hi rst y so you have to bu y a soft drink. Bu t instead of all t his TV watching, people cou ld be ou t getting some exercise to keep fit. Some game shows make everybody feel li ke t hey shou ld have a million dollars, or at least want a new car or an all- expenses- paid t ri p to Hawaii. Most shows t hat aren¢t game show, talk shows, sports, or cartoons, show people living better t han most people I know in t his commu nit y. They have big houses and all sorts of ot her luxu ries t hat make TV viewers t hink t hey shou ld have t hose t hings too. Television commercials also feed into t his problem, making people want everyt hing t hat t hey see in t he hope t hat t he products will

make t hem feel you nger ri cher prettier cooler w hatever. Bu t most of t hose t hings don¢t , , , , really work li ke t hey say anyway. The li fe viewers see on TV is u nreal, bu t it¢s hard to remember t hat as you watch day after day. You begin to t hink t hat maybe everyone is su pposed to be glamorous li ke t hey are on some of t he soap operas. People shou ld stop watching so much TV and get ou t and see w hat real li fe is li ke. If t hey did, t hey¢d be healt hier and happier wit h t he lives t hey have.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

Score of 4

The past hu ndred years have brought wit h t hem a great deal of change. We call it progress. Some of t he changes have been wonderfu l. Imagine how it wou ld have been to t ravel across t he cou nt ry on a slow, hot, smoky t rain instead of on a short, comfortable flight on a ju mbo jet. Yes, progress is a great t hing. However some of t he items invented in , t he name of progress have been actu ally harmfu l. One such invention is television. Wou ld ou r lives really be better wit hou t television? Definitely. Consider t he following points. For one t hing, we wou ld be in better physi cal shape. It seems st range t hat in a time w hen t here¢s an exercise gym in every town, t he popu lation is actu ally becoming more o bese and less healt hy. Heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressu re, and ot her healt h problems continu e on t he rise. W hy is t his happening? The answer is television. Instead of taking walks or playing sports for entertainment, we now plant ou rselves in front of t he magi c box, and we tell ou rselves t hat we¢ ll go to t he gym tomorrow. This is especially t ru e for children. Before television, kids had to find creative ways to have fu n. They played, climbed t rees, built forts, and did physi cal t hings for fu n. Now, t hey sit in t he family room watching television and eating ju nk food. No wonder we¢re getting fatter and si cker. Television is also responsi ble for ou r societ y¢s greed. We sit in front of t he screen and allow beau ti fu l actors and act resses to convince us t hat we can¢t live wit hou t t he newest,

fastest, most expensive t hing t hat t hey are advertising. And it¢s not only advertising t hat¢s making us greedy. Very few programs on television show t he way people really live. The characters live in beau ti fu l houses and have everyt hing t hey cou ld ever need or want. Some shows are even designed to make us believe t hat we can become very ri ch in just a few minu tes. All we have to do is answer a few easy qu estions, and we can all be millionai res. Real people are working longer hou rs to make more money, just so t hey can bu y t he t hings television tells t hem to bu y. That brings us to t he next problem television has created. Television shows have pou red an incredi ble amou nt of garbage into ou r minds. Prime time shows are filled wit h t he kinds of scenes t hat used to be considered too graphi c for R- rated movies. There¢s a lot of

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Persuasive Essay

(continued)

Score of 4

de bate abou t w het her violence on television causes violent behavior. The answer isn¢t clear bu t even t he net work TV execu tives have admitted t hat t hei r shows have been too , violent. Seeing violent actions every day for hou rs at a time can¢t be good for anyone. Television may have its good points. It does allow t he average person to keep u p wit h news arou nd t he world. There are a few programs t hat actu ally present interesting new information or fine movies or performances by great artists. Bu t t hese kinds of programs are few compared to all t he wort hless programming t hat also exists. We are becoming a nation of fat, u nhealt hy, greedy, mindless people. Television is to blame. I u rge everyone to tu rn off t he television once in a w hile and go for a walk, play a game, read a book, or even just talk to you r family or friends. Ou r societ y will be better off i f you do!

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Scoring Explanation: Persuasive Essay

Refer to pages 64–65 for the Focused Holistic Score Scale and the Conventions Rating. These scoring guides help explain how these essays were evaluated.

Essay 1

Focused Holistic Score: 1 This essay states a position and offers two appropriate reasons in support of that position, but the reasons are not fully elaborated, and on close inspection, the content of the paragraphs does not fully explain the claims the writer makes. The sense of organization is fairly strong, but the writing digresses. The writer has not addressed opposing arguments, and the essay lacks an appropriate sense of audience. Conventions Rating: – This essay contains spelling and punctuation errors and problems with sentence structure.

Essay 2

Focused Holistic Score: 2 The writer states a position and defends his or her position. Although there is strong organization, other elements are weak enough to warrant this score. For example, many of the details are insufficiently elaborated or off-topic. The response is occasionally digressive, and the opposing argument is not directly addressed. The essay lacks an appropriate sense of audience. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains minor errors in spelling and usage.

Essay 3

Focused Holistic Score: 4 The writer states a position on the worst invention and supports it with appropriate reasons and sufficient details. The response has a clear beginning, middle, and ending; ideas flow logically and coherently within paragraphs and throughout the entire essay. Transitional devices are effectively used, and persuasive techniques reinforce the argument. The writer demonstrates a good sense of audience. Conventions Rating: + This essay contains no significant errors.

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses • Grade 7

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

CONTENTS

Writing Prompts, Scoring Rubrics, and Sample Responses Content

Writing the Essay

Student Evaluation Sheets

Sample Responses and Rubrics

Transparencies

Restate

Respond

Represent

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