Envirounment, Sample of Reports

36 pages, 17945 words

a – indefinite article, used done successfully. modifies a noun such as for a singular noun that acknowledge – to express good, tall or strong. has not been introduced. appreciation or adjust – to modify to fit. abandon – to leave behind confirmation. administration – ability – the capacity to do acquainted – familiar management. something with. admit – to confess with able – having the power to acquire – to get. reluctance, let someone or do something acronym – letters something in. about – regarding, on the representing words, such adult – a person over 18, subject of, concerning as ASAP for as soon as opposite of child. above – higher than possible. advanced – higher level, absolute – total, complete across – from one side to opposite of beginner. absolutely – completely the other. advantage – a favorable accent – a manner of act – to do in a certain position. speaking, a stressed manner, to perform in a adverb – a word that syllable in a word. play. modifies a verb, usually accept – agree to receive, action – something that is ending in – ly, such as opposite of reject. done. quickly or suddenly. accident – an unfortunate, active – lively, energetic, exceptions include fast, unexpected incident. the active voice (see right, soon. accidentally – not with Glossary) advice – – guidance or intention, opposite of on actor – a person in a play. recommendation. purpose. actual – real, as advise – to give advice accomplish – to do, to contrasted with what was afraid – having fear finish. intended or expected. after – the time following, according to – as actually – really, as the opposite of before. indicated by someone. facts indicate. afternoon – later than 12 accurate – correct. add – to increase, pm, between morning and accusation – the claim opposite of subtract. evening. that someone has done addition – the process of again – one more time something wrong. adding or increasing. against – in opposition to. accuse – to claim that additionally – age – the amount of years someone has done furthermore you have lived. something wrong. address – (n) specific, agency – an organization. accustomed to – used to, named location of a agent – a representative. familiar with. house, (v) to speak to. ages, in – a long time. achievement – something adjective – a word that aggressive – likely to

attack or confront. already – before or by separate from humans or ago – in the past, similar now. plants. to before. also – too. announcement –a public agree – to say yes. alter – to change. statement. ahead – further forward in alternating – taking turns. annoyed – irritated. space, or time, opposite of alternative – another anon – short for behind. option. anonymous aim – to point at with the although – but. another – a different one. intention of hitting. always – at all times, answer – response or air – invisible gaseous opposite of never. solution. substance surrounding the am – verb to be, used with ant – an insect. earth, oxygen and I. antibiotics – medicine. nitrogen. amazing – great. anticipate – expect, look airline – airplane ambassador – forward to. company. representative of a any – used with negatives airplane – a flying vehicle country or questions, one or some, airport – the place where amiably – in a friendly opposite of none. airplanes land and take way. anymore – any longer off. amicable – with a spirit of (with negatives or akin to – similar to. friendliness. questions). alarm clock – a clock that among – within a group, anyone – any person (with can be set to make a noise contrast with between. negatives or questions). to wake you up. amount – a quantity anything – whichever alcohol – an intoxicating amulet – a piece of thing, no matter what liquid such as beer, wine, jewelry to give protection. (with negatives or whiskey, vodka, tequila. amusement – finding questions). alert – to warn or inform something to be funny anyway – used to confirm alive – continuing to live, an – article before a vowel a point just mentioned opposite of dead. analysis – (n) the process (it’s fine that showed up, all – the whole amount of evaluation and anyway, there’s alley – a small street analyst – (n) a person who plenty of room), in allow – let, permit conducts an analysis. contravention (They told almost – nearly. analyze – (n) evaluate me not to, but I did it alone – by oneself. ancient – old anyway), supporting a along – in a constant and – (conjunction) plus. negative (It’s OK that I direction or in a line. angry – in a bad mood. wasn’t invited; I didn’t alphabet – ABCs. animal – a living organism, want to go anyway).

anywhere – whichever place. apartment – a building with sections for different families, contrast with house. apologize – to say you’re sorry. apology – (n) the expression of regret. apostrophe – a mark of punctuation: ( ‘ ) to indicate a contraction (can’t) or a possession (Bob’s). apparent – visible, obvious. appear – to come into sight. apple – a red, yellow or green fruit with a white interior. apply – to make a formal request, as in to apply for a job. appointment – meeting appreciate – recognize with gratitude approach – to come close appropriate – suitable, fitting are – verb to be used with they, we, you. area – space argue – to fight argument – (n) a dispute arise – come up or get up

army – armed group to ate – past tense of eat. protect a country. atom – the basic unit of a around – located on every chemical element side atomic – relating to atoms arrange – to put in order. attack – to take aggressive arrangement – something action against someone. that has been organized. attempt – to try. arrest – to stop, generally attendant – a person who by the police. provides a service to the arrive – to get somewhere public, such as a flight arrow – a stick with a attendant or a gas station pointer at one end and attendant. feathers at the other. attention, to pay – to art – painting, music, listen or follow, such as to literature, dance. pay attention to the article – a, an or the teacher. as – used in comparisons, attic – a small room at the as tall as a tree. top of a house. aside – to one side, out of audience – listeners. the way audio – sound. ask – request, make a auditory – having to do question with hearing. aspect – a particular part aunt – a parent’s sister. aspirin – small white author – the person who headache pills. wrote something. assembly – group. auto – car. assertion – a forceful automatically – working statement. by itself. assignment – a task. available – able to be used assimilate – to blend in. or reached. assistant – a helper. avenue – a street. astronomy – the study of average – normal, usual, the stars. the result of adding at – (prep) expressing numbers together, and location (at the bank), dividing by the number time (at 5:00) or object (I (10 + 6 = 16 ÷ 2 for the looked at my watch). average of 8).

avoid – to stay away from. bank – a place to keep beach – the sandy area away – at a distance money, such as a secure next to the ocean. awful – terrible, bad. building. bean – an edible seed. awkward – uncomfortable barbeque – outdoor beanstalk – stem of a in a social or physical way. cooking equipment. bean plant. ax – a tool for chopping. barber – a person who bear – put up with baby – a very young child. cuts men’s hair. something or somebody back – the rear, opposite barely – by not much, unpleasant. of front. hardly beautiful – very attractive, background – the area bark – the sound a dog more than pretty. behind the main object makes. beauty – a combination of backyard – the yard baseball – a small hard qualities that are visually behind a house. white ball in a game attractive. bad – poor quality, not where it’s hit with a bat. because – for the reason good. based on – having as the that. bag – a paper or cloth foundation or point of become – come into container. development. existence. baggage – suitcases. basics – the essential, bed – a platform with a bake – to cook in an oven primary facts. mattress for sleeping balance – even basically – fundamentally bedroom – a room for distribution of weight, the basis – foundation sleeping amount of money basketball – a large round bee – a flying insect that remaining. brown ball in a game makes honey. ball – a round rubber or where it is thrown through been – duo form of the plastic toy, to be kicked or a hoop. verb to be, has been, had hit in a game. bat – a stick used in been, will have been. ballet – a formal dance baseball. before – prior to, opposite balloon – a toy, a light ball bath – (n) a tub filled with of after. filled with air, used at water to clean yourself. begin – to start parties. bathe – to take a bath. beginner – a person who ban – to prohibit or forbid bathroom – a room with a is just starting, opposite of banana – a yellow fruit toilet, sink, shower or expert. with a white interior bathtub. beguile – to charm or band – a group, often bay – an inlet where it’s trick. musical. safe to keep a boat. behave – to act in a bandage – cloth to put on be – plain form of the verb certain manner, generally an injury or a cut. to be. good.

behavior – how a person acts. behind – further back than; at the back of. Beijing – a large city in china being – state of existence, verb to be. belief (n) an idea that you hold true. believe – accept as true. bell – a hollow object that makes a ringing sound when it is struck, usually with a clapper. belong – owned by someone, to be in its rightful place. below – in a position lower than something else. belt – a cloth or leather strip used to hold up your pants. benchmark – a standard for measuring things. beneath – under. benefit – advantage or profit. bent – a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way. beside – next to, at the side of. best – superlative form of good. best selling – selling in

great numbers. with chalk, often in a bet – a wager. classroom. better – comparative form blame – an accusation of good. that you are between – in division, responsible for something. with shares to each. blank – not written or bewilderingly – in a printed on, empty. confusing manner. blanket – a covering for beyond – farther along in warmth space or time or degree. blazing – shining bicker – to argue in a intensely. small way bleed – to lose blood from bicyclist – a person who one’s body. rides a bike. blend – combine into one. big – large, opposite of block – (n) a solid cube, to small prevent. bike – a 2‐wheeled vehicle blood – the red liquid in bill – paper money, an your veins and arteries. amount to pay, the front blue – the color of the sky part of a hat, the nose of a board – a flat piece of duck. wood, a committee with bin – a large container supervisory powers. biologist – a scientist who boat – a vehicle that studies living organisms. travels on water. bird – a flying animal. body – a person’s physical birthday – the day you structure. were born. bodybuilder – a weight bit – a small piece or lifter. quantity of something. bodyguard – a protector. bite – to cut into with your boil – when water reaches teeth. 100° centigrade or 212° bizarrely – in a strange Fahrenheit. way bold – fearless and daring. black – the color of coal or bone – rigid tar. connective tissue, the blackboard – a sheet of components of the slate on the wall, used skeleton.

book (n) a published offshoot of a tree trunk. written work. brand – a name given to a bookshelf – a shelf on product or service. which to keep books. bread – food made from bookstore – a store where flour dough. books are sold. break – (n) recess, bored – not interested. vacation, to cause to boring – not interesting. separate into pieces, to born – brought into make something not work existence. anymore. borrow – to get breakdown – (n) a failure temporarily. of normal operation, a boss – the person in collapse in mental health charge to fail. both – two things or breakfast – the morning people together. meal. bottle – a glass or plastic breath – the air that is container. inhaled and exhaled. bottom – the lower side, breed (n) a special type opposite of top. within species bought – the past tense of bridge – a structure that the verb to buy allows people or vehicles boulevard – a large street. to cross. boundary – a line bright – lighted, shiny, not determining the limits of dull. an area. bring – to come to a place bouquet – a bunch of with something or flowers someone, the opposite of bow – to bend one’s knee to take. or body. broad – wide. bowl – a rounded dish. broke – the past tense of box – a paper, metal or the verb to break. wooden container. bronze – a brown metal boy – a male child brother – a male sibling boyfriend – a male friend brought – the past tense branch – a division of a of the verb to bring complex organization; an brown – the color of dirt

brush – a dense growth of bushes. bucket – the quantity contained in a bucket. bug – an insect build – constitution of the human body. building – a permanent structure with a roof and walls. bulb – a rounded glass bulb used in a lamp. bullet (n) a projectile that is fired from a gun. bully (n) an aggressive troublemaker. buns – the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on. burn – pain that feels hot as if it were on fire. bus – a large public vehicle bush – a shrub, a round plant business – a commercial enterprise. businessman – a person who conducts business. busy – having a lot to do. but – and nothing more. butter – thick yellow cream used as a spread butterfly – a brightly colored insect with large wings. button – a small plastic or wooden device to hold a

shirt or pants closed. weeks of the year. caps – ALL CAPITAL buy – to purchase calf – the back part of the LETTERS, close‐fitting hats. buzz – sound of rapid lower leg. car – a vehicle vibration. call – to cry out, to carbon – an abundant by – (prep) near. telephone someone. nonmetallic tetravalent bye – short for goodbye. calorie – the quantity of element occurring in three CD – compact disk heat required to raise the allotropic forms. CEO – chief executive temperature of 1 gram of card – a piece of stiff officer water by 1 paper, used for playing Casablanca – the largest degree centigrade. games or telling fortunes. city in Morocco. came – past tense of to care – to feel concern or Chicago – a city in Illinois. come. interest. China – a large Asian campaign – a race careful – using caution. country. between candidates for carry – support and move. Christmas – December elective office. carton – a box made of th 25 , a holiday. can – to be able to. cardboard, with flaps on Columbus – Italian can opener – a device top for opening and navigator. used to open cans. closing. Cuban – someone from cancel – postpone carwash – a place where Cuba. indefinitely. cars are washed. cab – taxi. candidate – someone who case – an instance. cabin – small bedroom on is considered for cash – money. a ship. something. cashew – a kind of nut. cadger – someone who candle – stick of wax with cast – the hard white tries to get things for free. a wick in the middle. covering used for a broken cake – a soft sweet candy – a hard or soft bone. dessert made from flour, sweet made of flavored castle – a royal mansion. eggs and sugar. sugar and sometimes fruit. casual – relaxed, informal. calcium – a component of cannot – can not. cat – a feline pet, a kitty. strong bones and teeth. cap – a tight‐fitting hat. catch – to grab something calculation – a capitalism (n) an that was thrown or falling. mathematical economic system catcher – a baseball determination, such as based on private position, opposite of adding or subtracting. ownership of capital. pitcher. calendar – a monthly capitalize – make the first caught – the past tense of timekeeping system that letter of a word big, such the verb to catch. identifies the days and as Los Angeles. causative – a verb tense

that produces an effect, character – letters in an child. such as let, permit, allow, alphabet, such as Chinese chin – the front part of the make, have, get. characters, an person in a lower jaw cause – to give rise to, to work of fiction. chip – a small fragment. make. charge – to make a rush at chocolate – sweet brown cave –an underground or sudden attack upon. candy made from cacao chamber, usually in a hill. charming – pleasing or beans. caveman – someone who delightful. choice – option. lives in a cave. chart – a visual display of cholesterol – a waxy celebrate – to rejoice. information. substance produced by celebration – a joyful chase – go after with the the liver and found in occasion for a special intent of catching. certain foods. Too much event. chat – talk socially without can cause heart disease. celebrity – a famous exchanging too much choose – to select. person. information. chop – cut into pieces. cell phone – a portable cheap – relatively low in chopsticks – wooden telephone, also called a price or charging low sticks used for eating in mobile phone. prices. Asia. center – the area in the cheat – to trick. chose – the past tense of middle. check – examine so as to the verb to choose. century – 100 years. determine accuracy, short chunk – a compact mass. certain – sure, definite. for check mark (√), the bill church – a house of certainly – definitely or in a restaurant, a means of worship. positively. paying through a bank, cigar – a thick roll of chain – a connected series checked – confirmed for tobacco for smoking. of links. accuracy circle – a round figure, the chair – a piece a furniture cheese – a dairy food, shape of an O. for sitting. such as Swiss, cheddar city – an urban area. chairman – the officer cheese. civil – polite, having to do who presides at the chef – a professional cook. with citizens. meetings of an chicken – a domestic bird, clap – strike the palms organization. used for food. together. chance – opportunity, child – a young boy or girl. clarify – (v) make clear. luck. childhood – the period class – (n) a group of change – to modify, alter. during which a person is students who are taught chapter – a subdivision of considered a child. together. a written work. children – the plural of classic – judged over time

to be of the highest value. classroom – a room in a school where lessons take place. clause – (n) a separate section of a legal document. clean – not dirty. clear –apparent, not confusing. clerk – an employee who does routine administrative work. click – a short sharp sound. climb – to go up a steep hill. clip – to cut short. clock – a device that shows the time of day, different from a watch, which is worn on the wrist. close – to move to cover an opening [kloz]. nearby, not far [klos]. closed – not open. closely – in a close manner. closet – a storage area for hanging clothes. cloth – fabric clothes – garments cloud – white or gray forms in the sky. cloudy – covered with clouds.

clown – a comic combine – to add entertainer, particularly in together. a circus. come – to move toward a club – (n) a group with a place, opposite of to go. particular interest or comfortable – providing activity. physical ease. clunky – awkward. command – to give an coach – (n) a person who order. gives sports instruction. comment – to remark or coat – a heavier or longer express an opinion jacket, a layer of paint. commercially – having to coffee – (n) a hot do with business. caffeinated beverage. commission – a special coke – (n) short for Coca group with a designated Cola®, cocaine. function. cold – having a low commissioner – an temperature, opposite of administrator. hot. commit – to do. colleague – (n) an committee – an associate that one works organization with a with. particular function. collection – group. common – usual, normal. college – the educational commonly – often. institution after high commonsense – sound school. judgment in practical colloquial – used in matters. ordinary conversation, not communicate – to formal. transmit information. color – (n) the eye’s communication – the act perception of light of transmitting reflecting off an object, information. such as red, blue, green, communism – a political yellow, etc. system. column – a vertical commuter – someone division of a page. who travels regularly from combination – things home in a suburb to work added together. in a city.

company – an institution component – an element for consultation. created to conduct or piece of something. confirm – to verify. business. compound – put or add confused – lacking comparative – having to together. understanding. do with comparison, comprehension – confusing – unclear, generally ending in –er. understanding. causing confusion. compare – estimate or comprehensive – congratulate – to express measure similarities and including everything. praise for someone’s differences. computer – an electronic success. comparison – the act of data processing device. conjecture – a guess, a examining similarities and concentrate – to focus, to hypothesis, speculation. differences. make something denser. conjugate – to change compete – to attempt to concept – an idea. verb tenses (he is, he was). win by defeating others. concerned – worried. conjunction – the state of competence – the ability concert – a musical being joined together, a to do something well. performance. part of speech that joins, competition – the act of concise – expressed in few such as and, so, but. competing for a prize, a words. connect – to attach, tournament. conclusion – the end. fasten. competitor – a contestant. condition – something connection – the state of complain – express that must exist before being linked or joined. discontentment. something else is possible, connector – something complement – an such as If you see him, say that links or joins. adjective after the verb to hello. A state at a conscience – an inner be is a complement, particular time. feeling acting as a guide to whereas after other verbs, conditional – qualified by right and wrong. it is an object. reservations, a verb form consequence – the effect complete – total, to indicating that it is unreal, of an action. finish. identified by if. Called the consider – deem to be. completely – to the full or unreal duo. consideration – careful entire extent. conditions – the terms thought. complex – complicated, that influence the consist of – to be detailed. outcome. composed of. complicated – difficult to cone – an object that consonant – a speech understand, complex. tapers to a point from a sound that is not a vowel. compliment – a polite circular base. construct – to build. expression of admiration. conference – a meeting contact – close

interaction. cooperation – working context – the surrounding together. set of circumstances. cope – manage, come to continent – a large terms with, deal with. landmass, such as Africa corporation – a company or Australia. authorized to act as a continuation – going on single entity. without interruption. corps – a body of people continue – to keep on such as the Peace Corps doing something. (pronounced core). continuous – unbroken. correct – right, accurate. contract – an agreement. correction – fixing a contracted – shrunken. mistake. contraction – a shortened corrupt – lacking in version of two words such integrity. as can’t, he’s, I’ve. cost – price contrary – against. couch – (n) a seat for contrast – strikingly more than one person, different from something also called a sofa. else. could – polite request for contrite – sorry. permission, expression of conversation – informal potential, ability or exchange of ideas in a possibility. spoken form. couldn’t – the contraction convert – change from of could not. thing to another. count – determine the convertible – a car with a number. roof that comes off countability – the ability convince – to make of something to be someone agree or counted. understand, to persuade. countable – something cook – to prepare a hot that can be counted, such meal. as two pens, some cars, cookie – a small flat sweet many people; contrasted cake. with uncountable, such as cooperate – to work air, water, furniture. together. counter – a horizontal

surface over which business is conducted. country – a nation, such as France, America, Cuba. couple – a pair of people who live together. courage – the spirit that lets a person face danger. course – a series of lessons. court – a place where judges hear lawyers explain what their clients did or didn’t do. courtesy – polite behavior. cousin – the child of your aunt or uncle cover – to put a lid on. cow – large female animal that gives milk. coward – someone who lacks courage. cowboy – a hired hand who works on a ranch. coworker – a colleague or associate. cracked – split without breaking. cracker – a dry salty biscuit. craftsman – a person who is skilled in a particular art, such as carpentry or metal work. cranky – irritable. crash – come down violently.

crazy – silly, deranged. cube – a symmetrical 3‐ dances. cream – the part of milk dimensional shape with 6 danger – the possibility of containing the butterfat. equal square sides. harm. creased – to make straight cue – signal to start. dangerous – likely to folds in paper or cloth. cultivated – grown. cause harm. create – to make. cultural – relating to the dangling – hanging. credit – money that is customs of a social group. dark – lacking light, a deep available to be borrowed. culture – the customs of a color such as black or crime – an action that is social group, a refined purple. against the law, such as understanding of the arts. date – the specified day of theft or assault. cup – a container used for the month. criminal – someone who drinking. day – 24 hours has broken the law. cupful – the amount a cup daydream – pleasant crinkled – slightly holds. thoughts. wrinkled. curfew – a time limit daylight – natural light. crisp – sharp, clearly when a person should be dead – not alive defined. home. deadline – the time when crossroads – a point current – now. something has to be done. where a choice has to be curriculum – the subjects deal with – to take made. in a course of study. measures concerning, to crowd – a large number of curry – a dish of handle people gathered together. vegetables or meat, with dealer – someone who crowded – more people indian spices, served with buys and sells things. than can fit comfortably. rice. dear – sweet, precious. crown – a king or queen’s cut – separate with a death – the event of headgear. sharp instrument. dying. cruising – traveling at a cycle – an interval. debt – the state of owing moderate speed. dad – a casual term for something. crumble – fall apart. father decade – a period of 10 crumple – to crush paper daily – every day years. or cloth so it becomes dairy – a farm where dairy December – the 12th wrinkled. products are produced. month crush – to press or damage – the occurrence decide – to make up your squeeze. of a change for the worse. mind. cry – to shed tears dance – move in a graceful decision – the act of because you are sad or and rhythmical way. making up your mind angry. dancer – a person who decrease – to make

smaller. low. numbers on a telephone. deep – extending far describe – to give an diamond – a clear down, opposite of account in words. precious stone, the shallow. description – the act of hardest in nature. definite – certain, for sure. describing something. dictate – issue commands. definitely – certainly. descriptive – something dictation – a listening definition – the meaning that describes something, comprehension exercise. of a word. such as an adjective, dictatorial – acting like a defy – challenge. which describes how a dictator degree – a position on a noun is. Also, a style of did – past tense of the scale of intensity. instruction that focuses on verb to do. delay – to slow something how things are, rather didn’t – negative past or someone down, to than how they should be. tense contraction of the make someone or design – a plan or verb to do. something late. drawing. die – suffer or face the delicious – very tasty desire – something that is pain of death. deliver – to bring and wanted. diet – a food regimen. hand over. desk – a piece of furniture difference – the part that demand – request with a writing surface and is not the same. forcefully. drawers. different – not the same. demolish – to destroy. dessert – the last course difficult – hard to do or dent – make a depression of a meal, usually sweet. to understand, tough. in. detail – a small element. difficulty – the state of dentist – a person who detection – finding being hard to do. puts in fillings and pulls something that was diffusion being dispersed. teeth. hidden. dim – low light, not bright, deny – declare untrue. detective – a police officer not smart. department – a division of who investigates crimes. dime a US coin worth a large organization. determine – decide upon 1/10th of a dollar. depend on – rely on. develop – work out. dimension an aspect. dependence – the state of device – a tool or dinner – the evening meal relying on or being under instrument. dioxide – O2. the control of someone or devote – dedicate. diplomat a person who something. diagnostic – determining can deal with people in a depth – how deep what is wrong. sensitive and effective something is. dial – a clock or watch way. descend – go from high to face. to select the direct – straight and to

the point. to command disregard – to ignore, pay with authority. no attention to. direction one of the 4 distance the amount of compass points: east, space between two things west, north, south. or places. directional – having to do distinction a with directions. distinguishing quality. directly – in a forthright district – a region. manner. divorced – not married director – the person in any more charge. do – perform, work on, dirty – not clean make, cook. disagree – to be of docks – the area where different opinions. boats are tied up. disappear – to stop being doctor – a physician visible, to be gone. document a paper. disaster a catastrophe. documentation discard – to throw away. supporting paperwork. discontinued – no longer does – the present tense produced. of the verb to do, used discover – to find. with he, she, it. discretion the quality of doesn’t – negative avoiding causing offense contraction of the present or revealing information, tense of the verb to do, the freedom to make used with he, she, it. decisions. dog – an animal, a discuss – to talk about domesticated canine. discussion an exchange of dollar – $1 in the US. views. don’t – contraction of do dish – prepared food, a not. plate or bowl. done –finished or dishonest – not honest. completed. dislike to not like, but not donut a small round as strong as to hate. sweet cake with a hole in dispatcher – the person the middle. who sends the others out, door – a barrier at the such as a taxi dispatcher. entrance.

dot – period. double – increase by 100%. doubt being unsure of something. down – toward or in a lower position, opposite of up. downtown the business area of a city. dozen – 12. drag – pull along the ground, against resistance. drawer a boxlike storage area in a piece of furniture. drawing a picture or diagram. dream – images during sleep. dress to put on clothes a woman’s garment. dressed – wearing clothes, not naked. dressed up – wearing fancy clothes. dresser – furniture with drawers for storing clothes. dressing – a cloth covering for an injury, cold sauce for a salad. drink – to take in liquids. drive – to operate a vehicle. driver – the operator of a motor vehicle.

drizzling – (of rain) falling lightly in very small drops. drop – let fall to the ground. drove – past tense of drive. dry clean – clean with chemical agents. duck –small wild or domesticated web‐footed broad‐billed bird. due – needing to be paid. dull –not shiny. dumb – incapable of speaking, not smart. duo – two. duration – how long something lasts. during – all the way through, throughout the course of. duty –obligation. ESL – English as a second language. England – a country in Europe. English – the official language of Britain and the United States. Englishman – a man who is a native or inhabitant of England. each – every one considered individually. ear – the organ on the side of your head, used to hear

early – happening before egregious – conspicuously the usual or expected and outrageously bad or time, opposite of late. reprehensible. earn – obtain money in eight – 8 return for work. eighteen – 18 earth – the 3rd planet either – used before two from the sun. alternatives, such as They earthquake – a seismic will take either one. disturbance where the elected – subject to earth moves. popular election. easily – with no difficulty electric – operated by a easy – simple, not difficult current. eat – to consume food electron – a stable eclipse – one subatomic particle with a celestial body obscures charge of negative another. electricity. economic – concerned element – an part of with financial issues. something. economics – a branch of elephant – a large gray social science dealing with animal with a long trunk finances. and a good memory. economist – an expert in elm – a kind of tree the science of economics. else – another thing. edges – the boundary of email – electronic mail a surface. embarrass – to cause educate to teach. someone to feel self‐ education – knowledge conscious or ashamed. acquired by learning and emissions – the instruction. production and discharge effective – able to of something, typically gas accomplish a purpose. or radiation. efficient – being effective emotional – of more than without wasting time. usual emotion. effort – use of physical or emotion – a strong mental energy; hard work. feeling such as anger, fear, egg – an oval object laid happiness, sadness or by a female animal. confusion.

emphasis – intensity of era – a period marked by expression, stress on a distinctive character. certain word or syllable to error – mistake make it more prominent escape – the act of or important. escaping physically, to emphatic – with emphasis break free from employ – put into service. confinement. employee – a worker especially – in a special who is hired to perform a manner. job. essay – a tentative empty – containing attempt. nothing. essence – the most basic enable – to make possible. nature. encouraged – heartened, essentially – basically. confident. establish – to set up. end – the conclusion. estate – everything a endanger – pose a threat. person owns. endless – tiresomely long. estimate – to figure energy – forceful roughly. exertion. etc. – and so on. enjoy – get pleasure from. ether – a gas. enjoyment – the Eureka – Greek for I found pleasure felt when having it. a good time. even – flat and smooth, enlisted – joined the army equal in number, divisible or other military service. by two, fair. enough – an adequate or evening – the end of the sufficient amount. day. enter – to come or event – a special set of go into. circumstances. entire – complete. eventually – after a while. entirely – to a complete ever – at any time. degree. every – each and all. envelope – a wrapper for everyday – common, a letter. ordinary, not special. equal – of the same value, everyone – all people. identical. everything – all things.

everywhere – all places. evidence – an indication that makes something evident. evolve – gradually develop from a simple to a more complex state. exact – precise. exactly – precisely. exam – test. examine – analyze. example – a representative form. excel – to do very well. excellent – great. except – other than, but not. exceptional – unusually good. exception – something that is excluded. excessive – too much or too many. excited – enthusiastic. exciting – causing enthusiasm. exclamation – a sudden remark, such as Hey! excuse – an attempt to reduce the blame to apologize. exec – short for executive. exercise – part of a lesson. exhausted – very tired existence – being. expect – to belief that

something will happen. faced – dealt with, met. favor – to promote one expectation – a belief facilitate – to make easier. thing or person over that something will fact – something that is another. happen. indisputably the truth. favorite – most preferred. expensive – high priced. fade – disappear fax – device that transmits experience to go through gradually. text and images via a something. fail – to turn out badly, phone line. experiment – a test or opposite of succeed. fear – a feeling of dread. trial. failure – a lack of feast – a large meal. expertise – skill. success. February – the 2nd month expiration – the end date faint – to lose of the year. of an agreement. consciousness. feed – to give food to. explain – to make clear. fair – reasonable, just. feedback – reaction. explanation – words that fairly – to a moderately feel – to have a physical clarify. sufficient extent. or emotional sensation. exploit – to fall – a drop from an feeling – the experiencing take advantage of. upright position. of an emotional state. exposure – being false – not true. feet – the plural of foot. uncovered and familiar – well known. fell – the past tense of the unprotected. family – a social unit verb to fall. express – say. living together. felt – the past tense of the expression – the look on famous –known. verb to feel. a person’s face. fantastic – marvelous. fever – an elevated extent – the degree or far – distant, opposite of temperature. range. close. few – not many. extinct – no longer in farmer – a person who field – a piece of land. existence, such as owns or works on a farm. fifteen – 15 dinosaurs. farther – at a greater fifth – 5th extra – more than is distance. fight – to argue or to needed. farthest – at the greatest come to blows. extreme – reaching the distance. figure out – to reach an highest degree. fascinate – to cause to be understanding of eye – one of the two interested or curious. something, to solve. organs in the face, used to fast – quickly. file – a folder for holding see. father – the male parent. loose papers. face – the front of your fatigued – tired, lacking fill – to make full. head. energy. final – the last in a series.

finalize – to make final. water. finally – at last floor – the surface of a finance – to obtain or room on which a person provide money walks, opposite of the finances – assets, money. ceiling. find – discover. flow – the motion fine – good, nice, characteristic of fluids. satisfactory flower – a plant cultivated finger – one of the five for its blooms. digits on the hand. fluent – smooth and finish – to complete. unconstrained in fire – (n) burning, to shoot movement a gun, to terminate fly – travel through the air employment. focus – concentration fired – to be terminated foggy – full of fog. from a job, shot from a fold – to bend. gun. folder – stiff paper folded fireman – a fire fighter to make a holder for st first – 1 papers. fish – a legless animal that follow – to come after. swims in lakes and oceans. food – what we eat. fit – in good shape, fool – a person who lacks suitable, to be the right good judgment. size and shape. foot – the lowest part of five – 5 the human leg. fix – repair footsteps – the sound of flash – appear briefly someone walking. flashlight – a handheld for – (prep) in support of, portable light. with regard to. flew – the past tense of force – to make someone the verb to fly or something do flexible– bendy. something against their flight – the action of will. flying. foresee – realize flip – to turn over, to beforehand reverse. forest – an area with flooded – covered with many trees

forget – to fail to remember, opposite of remember. forgive – to stop feeling angry toward someone for something he or she did wrong. fork – an eating utensil with prongs. form – shape formal – in accordance with the rules of etiquette, opposite of casual. format – the way something is arranged. formation – the process of being formed or created. formula – directions for making something fortunately – by good luck forty – 40 forward – toward the front found – the past tense of the verb to find. foundation – the basis. four – 4 fourth – 4th fracture – break into pieces free – costing nothing freezing – very cold frequent – often fresh – recently made, not stale or old Friday – the 5th day of the week

friend – a person you hasn’t happened yet, giant – a huge person or know and like, opposite of contrast with the present creature. enemy. and the past. gin – a type of alcohol. friendly – kind and game – a competitive girl – a young female pleasant form of play. girlfriend – a female fright – a sudden and gang – an organized group friend intense feeling of fear of criminals gist – the general idea frog – a green, tailless gap – a space give – transfer the amphibian with long rear garage – a building for possession of, donate. legs for jumping. parking cars. glacier – ice mountain. from – (prep) indicating garden – land used for glad – happy. the point where planting flowers or glass – a small refracting something starts. vegetables. telescope. front – the side that is gardener – a person who glasses – glass or plastic forward. works in a garden objects used to improve frozen – turned into ice gas – fuel the eyesight. frustrated – upset or gave – the past tense of global – involving the annoyed that something the verb to give. whole world couldn’t happen. gear – equipment. glove – a warm covering fry – to cook in oil gender – the state of for the hand. full –containing as much being male or female go – change location as possible, the opposite general – concerning all, goal – a successful of empty. opposite of specific. attempt at scoring fully – entirely, wholly generally – usually god – a supreme being fun – enjoyment, gently – in a mild manner going – the act of entertainment genuine – real, not fake departing. The form used fundamental – an Germanic – having to do to indicate either the essential component. with the German language continuous (Things are funk – depression. . going well) or the future funny – amusing. gesture – a movement, (We are going to go there furious – very angry. especially of the hand. later). furniture – chairs, tables, get – to acquire, achieve, gold – an expensive yellow couches, lamps, etc. come to have, become, metal. further – to or at a greater arrive, understand, golden – made of gold, or extent persuade, catch. yellow in color. furthest – most distant. ghost – the spirit of a dead Goldilocks – a character in future – the time that person. a folk story.

golfer – a person who grain of salt, to take with plays golf. – to accept with a certain gone – no longer present. amount of doubt. good – having desirable grammar – the structure qualities. of a language. goodbye – a farewell grammarian – a person remark who specializes in the goodness – the quality of study of grammar. being good, also used as grammatical – following an exclamation. the rules of grammar. goods – merchandise. grant –to give or allow. goose – a large, gray grape – a small rounded waterbird. fruit with a green or got – past tense of the purple skin, growing in verb to get. bunches. Used to make government – the ruling wine. body of a state or nation. graphics – drawings or gown – a woman’s dress, photographs. often worn on formal grasp – to hold firmly occasions grass – a narrow green grab – seize plant, growing wild or graces (social) – manners, used for lawns etiquette. grater – a kitchen utensil graciously– in a gracious with sharp perforations to or graceful manner shred cheese or grade – a mark indicating vegetables. the student’s level, with A grave – where a person is being the highest and F buried. the lowest. gray – the color of ash. graders – a child in a class great – very good, of level, such as a first‐grader major significance. is a child in the first grade. green – the color of grass gradually – in a gradual or emeralds. manner, bit by bit. grid – a pattern of graduate – to successfully regularly spaced complete a course of horizontal and vertical study. lines.

groceries – items of purchased food. ground – the past tense of the verb to grind. earth, dirt. group – any number of entities (members) considered as a unit. grow – become larger, greater. growth – vegetation that has grown. guarantee – a promise that something will be done. guard – a person who keeps watch over something. guess – imagine, expect, believe. guest – a visitor to a home or hotel. guide – something that helps someone learn how to do something. guideline – a general rule. guitar – a stringed musical instrument. gun – a weapon that shoots bullets. gunman – a person who shoots a gun. gunshot – the act of shooting a gun. gut – colloquial term for stomach or belly. guy – man.

gym – a place to work out. hate – dislike intensely. foot habit – a regular tendency have – to possess, own, height – how tall that is hard to break, such hold. something or someone is. as smoking. haven’t –contraction of held – past tense of the had – the past tense of have not. verb to hold. the verb to have he – male subject helix – a continuous hair – the strands on a pronoun. series of loops. person’s head. he’s – contraction of he is hello – a greeting. half – ½ head – the part of the help – to aid or assist. hall – a large room or body above the neck, the helpful – useful, passageway. person who is in charge. cooperative. halves – plural of half. headache – a pain in a her – female possessive hamlet – a tiny village person’s head. pronoun, belonging to her. hammer – a tool with a heal – to get better, cure. here – in or at this place. long handle and a heavy health – the general herself – the reflexive head, used for pounding in condition of body and form of her. nails. mind. hesitate – to pause before hand – the end part of the hear – to listen and pay doing or saying arm, with five fingers. attention. something. handle – be in charge of. heard – the past tense of hey – an expression used handwrite – to write by the verb to hear. to get someone’s hand, not with a hearing – perceiving attention. typewriter or computer. sound. hi – an informal greeting, happen – take place, heart – the locus of similar to hello. occur. feelings and intuitions. hid – past tense of the happy – showing pleasure, heartfelt – earnest verb to hide. opposite of sad or angry. heat – the quality of being hide – to put out of sight, hard – difficult, not easy, hot. conceal. not soft. heater – device that heats high – having a great hardly – barely. water. vertical extent, such as a hardworking – a person heavy – having great high mountain. tall is used who works diligently, weight. with personal height. opposite of lazy. hectic – agitated, frantic, highlight – to mark or has – to possess, the form wild, disorganized. cause to be more of have used with he, she, hedge – a fence formed by noticeable it. closely planted shrubs. hike – a long walk, often in hat – headwear. heel – the back part of the the hills or mountains.

hill – a raised area of land, horse – a 4‐legged animal, emotional distress. not as high as a mountain. with hooves, a main and a husband – a man married him – male object tail. to his spouse. pronoun. hospital – a health facility hyphen – a punctuation himself – reflexive form of with doctors, nurses and mark that joins words, him. patients. such as third‐grader. hint – a subtle suggestion. hot – having a high I – refers to the person hire – to employ a person. temperature, opposite of speaking or writing. his – male possessive cold. ice – frozen water. pronoun, belonging to hotel – a building where icon – a symbol or graphic him. travelers pay to stay. (audio icon: ). history – the story of the hour – 60 seconds, 1/24th icy – covered with ice or past. of a day having to do with ice. hit – to strike, slap or house – a building where idea – a thought. pound. people live. ideally – in an ideal hoarse – when your voice housekeeper – a person manner is rough due to shouting who cleans houses as a identify – establish who or or a sore throat. job. what something or hold – to grasp or carry, to how – in what way, someone is. support in a person’s manner extent or degree. idiomatic – of or relating hands or arms. however – but, despite to or conforming to idiom holiday – a vacation, a day anything to the contrary if – introduces a off. huge – very large conditional clause hollow – having an empty human – a person, not an iffy – doubtful, not certain space inside. animal illegal – against the law home – a person’s humid – muggy, warm wet imitate – copy permanent living place, air. imitation – something more personal than house. hum – to sing with the lips copied, a fake. homework – school work closed. immature – young, not done at home. hundred – 100 mature. hominid – a human. hungry – needing to eat. immediate – of the honest – telling the truth. hurricane – a storm with a present time, now. hop – a small jump. violent wind, normally in immediately – without hope – expect and wish. the Caribbean. delay, right away. hopeful – feeling or hurry – to rush. impatient – not willing to inspiring optimism about hurt – to cause pain. wait. the future. hurtful – causing pain or impolite – rude, not

polite. infinitive – the uninflected instructor – teacher important – of great form of the verb, such as instrument – a tool or significance. to do or to be. instrument, particularly imposition – an unfair inflection – a change of musical. demand or burden. voice on a certain word to insult – speak to rudely. impossible – totally indicate a different insurance – a guarantee of unlikely. meaning or emphasis. compensation in the case impress – have an inform – tell, to give facts of loss. emotional information – facts integrate – make into a improve – to get better learned or provided whole. in – toward the inside of infraction – the breaking intelligent – smart. inch – a unit of length of a rule. intend – to have in mind equal to one twelfth of a infrastructure – the basic as a purpose. foot. features of a system, city intense – in a high degree, incident – a single distinct or country, such as roads, forceful or extreme. event. electricity and sewers. intensifier – a modifier include – to consider as initial – occurring at the that makes the meaning part of something. beginning. stronger such as a really incorporate – include into initial – the first letters of long trip. a larger set, use, to set up a person’s name, such as intent – purpose, goal. a corporation JFK for John F. Kennedy. intention – what was increase – to become injury – physical damage meant or intended. bigger to the body. intentionally – on increasingly – more so ink – liquid in a pen. purpose, not by accident. than before. innate – inborn, natural, interchangeable – able to incurable – having no not learned. be exchanged with no known cure. insect – a bug. difference. independent – free from inside – within an area. interest – the quality of outside control. insist – to demand. creating curiosity, the indicate – point out instance – an occurrence percentage paid on a loan. indigo – dark blue. of something. interested – having indirect – through instant – a very short interest intermediaries, not direct. time, a moment, a second. interesting – causing indirectly – roundabout, instead – on the contrary interest not in a forthright manner. instructions – information interference – preventing individual – one person. telling how something something from infant – a young baby. should be done. continuing.

interjection – an first time. exclamation, such as hey!, invent – create or design. what?!, ouch! invention – a device or intermediate – between process that has been beginning and advanced. newly created. intermission – a investigate – a systematic temporary break in the inquiry to discover the middle of a movie or a facts. play. investigation – an inquiry internalize – to learn to discover the facts. something so well that it’s investment – something part of your nature. that is worth buying international – involving because it may become more than one country. more valuable later. interrupt – to speak invisible – impossible to before the other person see has finished, to break in invitation – a friendly or interruption – the act of formal request to go interrupting somewhere or do interview – a conversation something. between a journalist and a invite – to make a friendly person of interest. or formal request that into – expressing someone go somewhere movement where the or do something. result is that the thing involuntary –without becomes enclosed. conscious control or intonation – rise and fall against a person’s will. of the voice pitch to involve – include as a indicated a stressed necessary part. syllable or word. involvement – intro – short for participation. introduction IQ – intelligence quotient introduce – make identifying how smart you someone known to are. another person. ironically – paradoxically, introduction – bringing coincidentally. something into use for the irregular – not even or

balanced. irritate – to annoy. IRS – Internal Revenue Service is – the present tense of the verb to be, used with he, she, it. island – a small body of land surrounded by water. isolated – separated, alone. issue – come out of, problem it – the thing named, a pronoun that replaces a noun, such as I saw the movie; I saw it. Italy – a country in Europe it’s – the contraction of it is. item – a small part that can be considered separately from the whole its – possessive form of it. itself – reflexive form of “it” jam – push forcibly into something, a fruit based spread. janitor – someone employed to clean and maintain a building January – the 1st month of the year. Japanese – the language or a native of Japan. jealous – envious

jeopardize – to endanger something that provides lace – a delicate fabric or to put at risk an explanation or used as trim. jet – an airplane powered understanding of lack – to not have, to be by powerful engines something. without job – a task, work keychain – a ring or chain lady – a woman of join – connect, link, used to hold a set of keys. refinement become part of kid – (n) a child, to joke laid – set down. joke – a humorous kill – to cause to die. lake – fresh water anecdote kilo – 1000 grams, 2.2 lbs. surrounded by land. joy – the emotion of great kind – nice, a type of. lamp – a device for giving happiness. kindness – the quality of light judge – a public official being generous and landed – reached or came who decides cases in a considerate. to rest court of law. king – monarch, royal landlord – a property juice – liquid from a fruit head of a country. owner or manager who or vegetable, suitable for kingdom – a country with rents to others. drinking. a king as head of state. lane – a small street, jump – to leap. kiss – to touch with the generally in the country th June – the 6 month of lips in an affectionate language – the year, after may and manner. communication by word before July. kit – a set of items for a of mouth junior – a son who has the specific purpose, such as a laptop – a portable same first name as his first‐aid kit. computer father kitchen – a room for large – big junk – useless stuff. preparing meals last – immediately past jury – twelve people kite – a toy with a light late – after the expected sworn to give a verdict in a frame and thin material lately – in the recent past trial. stretched over it, to be Latin –the language of just – only, and nothing caught by the wind. ancient Rome. more. knew – the past tense of laugh – the sound of keep – to maintain, the verb to know. amusement. continue, hold. knife – a sharp cutting tool laundry – clothes that kept – past tense of the knives – plural of knife. need to be washed. verb to keep. knock – deliver a sharp law – the collection of key – literally, a small blow, to rap with the rules imposed by authority piece of metal used to knuckles on a door. lawn – the grassy area in open a door; figuratively, know – to be aware of. front of a house.

law – a country’s system something is. listen – to hear with of rules. lenient – tolerant, not intention. lawyer – a person who strict literally – in an exact, practices law. lentil – a small flat seed literal sense, such as lax – loose, relaxed, not often used in soup. literally dozens of letters. tense. less – comparative form of Opposite of figuratively. lay – to put something little. literary – having to do down lesson – a unit of with literature. lazy – not liking to work instruction. literature – written works lb – abbreviation for let – to allow, permit. of lasting value. pound letter – a written little – small. lead – to take someone message. live – to exist, inhabit. somewhere, to take level – even, a position on liver – a detoxifying organ charge. a scale. in the human body. leak – an accidental liar – someone who lies. loan – something that is escape of a liquid or gas library – a room where borrowed, especially learner – someone who is books are kept money, opposite of to in the process of learning, lie – to knowingly say borrow. opposite of teacher. something that isn’t true, loaves – plural of loaf, least – the superlative to be in a resting position. which is bread baked in an form of little (little, less, life – the state of being oblong shape. the least). alive, the period between located – situated in a leather – material used birth and death. particular spot. for shoes or belts, made lift – raise from a lower to location – a point. from the skin of an animal a higher position lock – to secure or close leave – to go away, to light – a means of with a mechanism, allow to remain. illumination. requiring a key or a lecture – an educational like – enjoy, similar to combination to open. speech, to talk seriously or limit – extent, boundary logic – reasoning reprovingly to someone. line – a long, narrow mark, conducted according to led – past tense of the a row of people. strict principles of validity. verb to lead. linguistic – the scientific logically – in a logical leg – a lower human limb, study of language. manner. opposite of an arm. link – a connection. loiter – to wait around idly lend – to give temporarily, linked – connected. LOL – laughing out loud. opposite of to borrow. liquid – fluid. lone – sole, single length – how long list – a sequence of items . lonely – sad because a

person has no friends. such as a fax machine. manner – how something long – having length, mad – angry or crazy is done. opposite of short. made – past tense of the manners – how a person look – to direct one’s gaze verb to make. behaves toward others, toward, to seem magazine – soft covered including making requests, loose – not firmly in place, reading material with apologizing, and not snug or tight. articles and pictures. expressing appreciation. lose – fail to win magic – mysterious tricks. mansion – a large fancy loss – something that is mailman – a person who house. lost delivers the mail manual – a small lost – the past tense of the main – most important handbook, by hand. verb to lose. element. manufacturer – a lot – much or many. maintain – to keep company that makes lottery – something that is something the same way. things. regarded as a chance maintenance – keeping many – more than several, event something in good a lot. loud – high volume. working order. map – a diagram of the love – have a great major – main, important, earth’s surface. affection for someone or serious. margarine – a spread something. make – form by putting made from vegetable oil, lovely – attractive parts together, do, create, used as a substitute for low – close to the ground, cause. butter. not high. mall – a complex of stores. mark – a symbol, such as a luck – success or failure by man – an adult male. check mark (√). chance rather than by skill manage – to deal with, to marker – a distinguishing or intent. take care of, to organize, symbol, a pen. lucky – having good to be successful at married – joined in fortune. something. matrimony. luggage – suitcases. management – the act of martial – having to do lump – a mass, a bump. managing something. with war. lunch – the afternoon manager – someone who massive – huge and meal. controls resources and impressive. lung – the chest organs expenditures. master – to acquire that have to do with maniac – a person with complete knowledge or breathing. wild or violent passions skill. machine – an apparatus about something, often masterpiece – an artist’s with mechanical parts, violent. best work.

mastery – complete winning a championship methodology – a system knowledge or skill. media – mass of methods in a particular match – be compatible, to communication, such as area of study. go with. radio, television and the mice – plural of mouse material – the matter that Internet. microphone – a device for something can be made meet – come together. magnifying or recording of. meeting – a formally sound. math – a science dealing arranged gathering microscopic – very small. with numbers. melt – to cause to become mid – the middle point. matter – a situation under liquid. middle – the part between consideration. member – someone the front and the back, or mattress – a large thick belonging to a club. the beginning and the pad for sleeping on. memo – a written end, or the top and the max – the largest possible business message. bottom. quantity. memorize – to commit to midnight – 12 o’clock at may – a helping verb memory, to learn by night expressing possibility, heart. might – a helping verb similar to might. memory – a person’s expressing possibility, maybe – possibly. ability to remember similar to may. mayor – the head of a city. things, a recollection. mile – approximately 1.6 me – the object pronoun men – the plural of man. kilometers. form of I. mention – make reference military – the army or meal – breakfast, lunch or to. navy. dinner. Mercedes – a type of car milk – a nutritious liquid mean – indicate or refer mess – a dirty or untidy obtained from a cow. to. state. milkman – someone who meaning – definition, message – a delivers milk signification. communication millennium – a period of meaningless – having no met – past tense of the 1000 years. sense or meaning. verb to meet. million – 1,000,000 meant – the past tense of metal – a hard material, mind – (n) brain, to care the verb to mean. such as copper, iron, gold, mindbogglingly – measure – to calculate the silver. emotionally overwhelming dimensions of something. meter – 100 cm, mindful – aware, bearing mechanic – a person who approximately one yard. in mind works on cars. method – a way of doing mindset – a way of medal – an award for something. thinking

mine – belonging to me miners – laborer who works in a mine minestrone – soup made with a variety of vegetables minute – 60 seconds miracle – wonderful occurrence mirror – a reflecting surface mislaid – lost temporarily miso – a thick paste made from fermented soybeans and barley miss – fail to perceive missing – not able to be found Mississippi – a state and a river in America mistake – an error Mister – Mr., a male title mitt – baseball glove mix – combine mnemonic – a trick to help memorize. mobile – able to move. mode – how something is done. model – example. modern – relating to the present. modifier – a word that changes the adjacent word, such as an adverb (to run quickly) or an adjective (a good idea).

modify – to change. move – change location mom – casual form of movement – the change mother. of location or position. moment – a point in time. movie – film Mississippi – a state and a moving – in motion river in America. Mr. – a male title st Monday – the 1 day of Mrs. – a female title for the week. married women money – cash, dollars. Ms. – a female title monitor – a computer much – a lot screen. mud – combination of dirt month – 30 days. and water monthly – every month. muffin – a sweet bread mood – emotional state shaped like a cup. moon – the natural muggy – humid satellite of the earth. multiple – numerous, more – to a greater opposite of single. degree or extent. mural – a painting on a morning – the early part wall of the day. museum – a building most – almost all. where art and artifacts are mother – your female stored and displayed. parent music – singing or playing motion – a state of change an instrument. motivate – give an must – to have to. incentive for action. Mustang – a type of car. motorcycle – a 2‐wheeled my – possessive pronoun, vehicle with a motor. belonging to me. mountain – higher than a myself – reflexive form of hill me. mouse – a small gray mystery – something that animal with a long tail. can’t be explained. mouth – the opening in naked – with no clothes the lower part of the face name – a word by which a that is used for speech. person or thing is known mouthful – a small nap – a short sleep amount of food. nation – the people who

live in a nation or country nice – pleasant noun – a person, place, nationality – belonging to night – when it is dark, the thing or idea. a nation by birth. opposite of day. novel – new, a full length natural – not made by nine – 9 fiction book. people. no – a negative response, now – at this time. naturally – as might be opposite of yes. nowhere – in no place. expected. nobody – no person nuisance – an annoyance, near – close, not far. noise – a sound something bothersome. nearly – almost. noisy – loud and number – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., necessary – essential. nonmusical sounds opposite of a word. need – to require. none – not any nurse – a doctor’s negative – expressing nonsense – having no assistant. denial, disagreement or meaning nutrient – (n) a substance refusal. A number less noodle – a strip of pasta. that provides than zero. noon – 12:00 pm nourishment. neighborhood – a nor – and not; neither nutshell – the hard community within a town. northeastern – the middle outside part of a nut, in a neither – not one or the area between north and compact form. other. east. OK – all right. nephew – the male child northern – toward the Ohio – a state in America. of your brother or sister, north. Olympics – a sports opposite of niece not – adverb used with a festival held every four nervous – easily agitated verb to form a negative. years. neutral – not taking either note – to make mention OMG – Oh my gosh or Oh side, having no strong of. my God, used in texting. characteristics. notebook – a small Orion – a constellation. never – at no time, the compact portable obedient – someone who opposite of always computer follows orders or rules. new – recently made or nothing – not anything, object – a thing, the end introduced, opposite of opposite of something or part of a sentence, in the old. everything. sentence Bob sees Betty, news – current events. notice – write a comment Betty is the object, newspaper – a daily on opposite of the subject. publication with current noticeable – capable obligation – necessity. events. notify – inform someone obvious – clear, apparent. next – immediately of something. obviously – clearly following. notion – idea. occur – to happen, to take

place. one – a single item other – something else. ocean – a large, salty body ongoing – continuing others – other people. of water, such as the online – connected to the otherwise – or else. Pacific Ocean. Internet. ought to – should. oddly – in a strange only – just, and nothing our – belonging to us. manner more out – away from home, odds – the chances of onto – moving atop not in. something happening. something. outburst – a sudden ode – a poem. open – allowing access, release of emotion or odor – a smell. opposite of to close. noise. of – (prep) expressing opening – first or outer – external. possession beginning outlandishly – in an off – not on. opinion – a personal belief bizarre manner. offend – cause someone or judgment that is not outside – beyond the to feel upset. founded on proof boundary of, opposite of offer – present something opportunity – a chance inside. for someone to accept. opposite – directly across outstanding – excellent office – a room in a from. oven – a kitchen appliance building used for option – a choice. used for baking or professional work. or – (prep) introducing an roasting. officer – a member of a alternative. over – (prep) at a higher police force orange – the color of an position than. often – frequently orange, a sweet orange overcast – cloudy. oh – an exclamation that fruit. overflow – the excess can have many meanings order – arrangement, liquid that spills out. depending on the tone. command, to request overhear – hear, usually oil – a liquid derived from merchandise or service. without the knowledge of petroleum. organized – orderly, the person who is old – aged, former, efficient. speaking. opposite of young or orient – to align, guide. overtime – to work current. original – produced at the beyond 40 hours per week omelet – beaten eggs earliest stage of overview – a general cooked until firm and then something. summary. folded over. originally – in the overweight – heavy, fat. omit – to leave out beginning. owe – to have an on – located at origins – ancestry, obligation to repay. once – one time beginning. own – to possess.

owner – a person who paragraph – a section of owns something writing with its own idea. oxide – oxygen plus pardon – the act of another element. excusing a mistake or PC – personal computer offense. PS – Post Script, text parentheses – added to the end of a punctuation marks ( ), letter. similar to brackets [ ]. pace – speed or rate. parent – mother or father Pacific – an ocean that park – to stop a car and extends from the Arctic to leave it temporarily, (n) a the Antarctica, and from large public green area in Asia to the Americas. a city or town. pack – to arrange in a box part – a portion or suitcase. participant – someone package – a container. who takes part in an page – one side of one activity leaf (of a book or participate – take part in magazine or newspaper or particular – specific. letter etc.) particularly – especially pain – physical hurt or party – a festive event, a ache. political organization. paint – a liquid used to pass – to have success color walls or make with a test, to go beyond, pictures. to hand over to someone. painting – a picture passerby – someone who pair – two, a couple, a set. walks past something. pajamas – clothing worn passive voice – a verb while sleeping form where the action palm – the middle part of happens to the person or the hand. thing, rather than the pancake – a flat cake, person or thing actively usually eaten for doing something, It was breakfast. done (by him) is the pants – trousers. passive form of He did it. paper – sheets to write pasta – spaghetti or other on. noodles.

path – an established line of travel or access pathetic – miserable. patience – tolerance. patient – a person in a hospital or in the care of a doctor. pattern – a repeated sequence. pause – to stop for a moment, to hesitate. pay (n) – something that remunerates payment – a sum of money paid pea – a small, round, green vegetable that grows in a pod. peace – quiet and tranquility. peak – the highest point. pear – sweet juicy fruit. pedestal – a support. pen – a writing implement with ink inside, opposite of a pencil. pencil – a writing implement with lead inside, opposite of a pen. people – plural of person. percent – %. perception – awareness. perfect – as good as it is possible to be, a verb form known here as the duo. periodic – recurring at regular intervals.

periodically – sometimes, phrase words or syllables. every once in a while. phrase – a short pizza – a flat Italian pie, permanent – lasting, expression. covered with tomato opposite of temporary. phrasing (n) – the way in sauce and cheese. permission – approval. which something is place – location. permit – (v) to let, to expressed in words placement test – an exam allow. physical – involving the to indicate the current permit – (n) an official body as distinguished level. document giving someone from the mind or spirit. plain – simple, unadorned. permission. physician – a licensed plan – proposal for doing person – a human being, medical practitioner, a something. the individual identified by doctor. plane – an aircraft. the verb tense, such as physics – the science of planet – a celestial body, first person plural: we. matter and energy. such as Earth or Mars. personal – pertaining to piano – a large stringed plant – a living organism an individual, opposite of instrument played by such as a tree or grass. public or professional. striking the black and planter – a decorative perspective – a particular white keys. container for plants. attitude toward or a way pick (v) – to select plastic – a synthetic of looking at something. picture – a painting or material such as nylon. persuade – to talk drawing play – to engage in an someone into something, pie – a baked fruit dish, in activity for enjoyment, or convince. particular apple or to use a musical persuasive – convincing. pumpkin. instrument. pertain to – to relate to, piece – a separate part of player – someone who to have to do with. a whole. participates in a game. phase – stage. pile – a heap. playful – lighthearted. phone – a communication Pilgrim – the group who plaza – a public square. device for talking over sailed to America on the please – give pleasure to. distance. Mayflower in 1620. pleased – happy, glad. phonetics – the study of pill – a tablet pleasure – a feeling of speech sounds. pin – a small metal enjoyment. photograph – a picture fastener. plot – plan secretly, taken with a camera. pit – a large hole usually something illegal photography – the art of pitch – the degree of how plumber – someone who taking photographs. high or low the tone of the installs and repairs pipes. phrasal – pertaining to a voice is, used to stress pluperfect – another

term for the past real duo sound. or the past perfect. popular – liked by many plural – more than one, people. usually created by adding population – all the an S to a noun. people who live in a plus – with the addition particular city, state or of, using this sign: + country. poached egg – an egg porch – a covered shelter cracked into boiling water. at the front of a house. pocket – a compartment position – place in or on the clothes for positive – agreeing, +, not carrying small items. negative. poem – a piece of writing possibility – something that incorporates the that may happen. nature of both speech and possible – something that song. can be done point – a dot, a place. post office – the public polar bear – a white bear department responsible of the arctic region. for the mail. polarity – a relation postpone – to put off, to between two opposite arrange for something to attributes or tendencies take place at a later date. police – city employees pot – a container in which responsible for fighting small plants are grown or crime and protecting food is cooked. citizens. potato – a starchy policy – course of action, vegetable that grows certificate of insurance. underground. polio – an infectious viral poultry –chickens, disease causing paralysis. turkeys, ducks or geese. polite – well mannered. pound – 16 ounces, about politician – someone who half a kilo. runs for office. poundage – weight. pool – a small area of pour – to cause a liquid to water, a swimming pool. flow from a container. poor – without money. power – strength, energy. pop – a short, sharp practice – a customary

way of doing something. praise – to express approval. predict – tell the future prefer – like one thing better than another. pregnant – carrying developing child prior to its birth. preliminary – an action preceding the main event, an action done in preparation for something more important to follow. premises – site, location. prep – short for prepare. prepare – get ready preposition – words of location and direction, such as in, by, with, to. prescriptive – based on what ought to be, contrast with descriptive, which is based on what actually is. present – a gift. presentation – a demonstration. president – the head of a company. press – to push with continuous contact. pressure –continuous force on an object, the use of persuasion or intimidate to get someone to do something. pretty – attractive, rather.

prevent – to stop, to keep progression – a series. from happening. progressively – bit by bit previous – what came project – a planned before assignment. previously – before that promise – an assurance price – the cost of buying that something will be something. done. primary – most promote – contribute to important element the progress or growth of print – a visible indication promotion – act of raising made on a surface in rank or position prior – earlier in time pronoun – a word that probability – likelihood, replaces a noun, such as chances of something he, she, we, i, you. happening. pronounce – to make the probably – most likely. sound of a word. problem – a difficult pronunciation – the way situation that needs to be that words sound. dealt with. proper – suitable, process –a system or way appropriate. of doing something, to proposal – a written plan deal with in a routine way. propose – to put forward prodúce – to make, to an idea. provide. protect – to keep safe. próduce – store bought protest – to object to, to vegetables speak against. product – a commercially proud – deep satisfaction manufactured article. as a result of one’s own professional – a paid achievements. athlete. provide – to give, to make professor – teacher available. proficient – competent. psychologist – a person profit – the money left who studies the human over after expenses. mind and behavior. program – course of public – shared by all the study. people in an area, progress – advancement. provided by the

government, not private. pull – to grasp an object and tug toward oneself. puppy – a young dog pure – free from contamination, complete push – to apply force to move something away. put – set in a certain place. puzzle – a game or toy that tests a person’s ingenuity. pyramid – a triangular building common in Egypt qualified – capable, meeting the necessary requirements. quality – a distinctive characteristic, a high value. quantity – an amount quantum – a discrete quantity of energy. quarter – ¼, 25 cents quarterback – the person who directs the offensive play in a football game. question – an instance of questioning quick – fast. quickly – (adv) fast. quietly – silently, with little or no noise. quirky – odd, peculiar, unconventional. quite – very.

quiz – test. race – any competition racecar – a fast car that competes in races racket – a loud and disturbing noise. radio – medium for communication rage – anger. rain – water falling from the sky. rainbow – an arc of colors in the sky after the rain. raise – to left to a higher position, (n) an increase in pay. raisin – a dried grape. ran – past tense of the verb to run. rang – past tense of the verb to ring. range – limit, area. rapid – fast. rarely – not often. rather – somewhat. raw – uncooked. reach – to stretch out the arm to touch or take something, to arrive. reaction – an action or feeling in response to something. react – to show a response to something. read – to look at and understand written materials.

ready – prepared. something back, to get real – not false. better. realistic – representing red – the color of an apple what is real, reasonable. or blood. reality – the state of being redo – to do again. actual or real. reduce – to cut down. realize – be fully aware or refer to – to mention. cognizant of. reference – the act of really – very. mentioning something, a reason – a cause, book such as a dictionary explanation or justification or a thesaurus. for something. referral – directing recall – to remember. someone to someone you receive – to get. approve of. recent – being new in a reflect – to show back an time not long past image of, as in a mirror. recently – in the recent reflection – the image pas shown back from a shiny recipe – directions for surface. making a meal or a dish. refuse – to reject. recognize – to identify regain – to get something someone or something back. you have seen before. register – to sign up for. recommend – advise, regret – disappointment. suggest regular – usual, normal, recommendation – even, not odd. something that is regulation – a rule. suggested as being good. reheat – to heat again reconfigure – configure in reject – refuse to accept. a different way. relate – have to do with or reconsider – consider be relevant to again relations – family record – make a record of; members, dealings. set down in permanent relationship – the way form two things or people are recount – to count again. connected. recover – to get relative – a person related

by blood or marriage. relativity – the quality of having significance only in relation to something else relevant – to the point reliable – dependable. relieve – to cause pain or difficulty to become less severe. relocate – to move somewhere else reluctant – unwilling. rely on – to depend on. remain – to stay. remark – a comment. remember – to bring back a memory. remind – cause someone to remember something. remodel – to change the structure, improve in a new way. remove – to take out or delete. renovate – to restore to a good condition. reorganization – an alteration of the structure something. repaint – paint again. repeat – to say or do something again. repetition – the act of doing something again. repetitive – characterized by repetition, especially when it’s tiresome or

boring. original condition replace – to put in the restroom – a public place of something else. bathroom. reply – to respond. results – consequence or report – an account of outcome. something. return – getting reported speech – indirect something back again speech, such as He said revenge – pay back, that he would be there. retribution. repose – rest. reverse – change to the represent – to stand for. contrary reputation – what people review – a new evaluation think about someone. review – to look at again request – to ask for. revised – changed, edited, require – to need. modified. reschedule – assign a new revisit – to visit again. time for a meeting. rewrite – to write again. researcher – a scientist rhythm – a strong who does research. repeated beat or pattern. reserve – to arrange for rich – having a great deal something for oneself in of money. advance. rid of, to get – to give or resolution – the action of throw away. solving a problem. ride – travel by car, bus, respond – to reply or to train, bike, etc. answer. ridge – the edge where response – an answer two sloping sides meet. responsibility – duty, ridiculous – laughable. obligation. right – correct, accurate, responsible – being the opposite of wrong. cause of something, rigorous – extremely having an obligation to do thorough or physically something. demanding. rest – relax, take a break. ring – the sound a phone restaurant – a building makes, an echoing sound, where people go to eat a metal O for a person’s restore – bring back to the finger.

rip – to tear. side by side in a line. sad – distressing. rise – to go up. rude – impolite saddle – a seat for a risk – a source of danger. rug – a floor covering horseback rider. river – a long body of rule – govern. safe – free from danger. water. rumor – a circulating story said – past tense of the road – an open way for of doubtful truth. verb to say. travel. rumpled – wrinkled and sail – to travel by ship or roar – a deep prolonged messy. boat. loud noise. run – to move quickly. sailor – a ship’s crew robbery – stealing from a runner – someone who member. person or place. runs. sales – the exchange of rock – a stone, to move rush – hurry. something for money. back and forth. Russian – someone from salesman – a male rocket – a tall cylinder that Russia, the Russian salesperson. is fired into space. language. salt – NaCl, a white crystal rode – past tense of the rusty – oxidized, a reddish seasoning with the taste verb to ride. color, out of practice. of the ocean. th roll – to move by turning Saturday – the 6 day of same – equal. on an axis. the week. sample – a small part of Rome – a city in Italy. Saturn – the ringed something intended as roof – the top covering of planet. representative of the a building. Scotland – a country in whole. room – space, a section of Europe. sandwich – two slices of a house. Shakespeare – a great bread with meat, jam or roommate – someone English playwright. peanut butter between who shares a house, Somalia – a republic in them. apartment or dorm room. extreme eastern Africa. sarcastic – mocking or rosy – pink. Spain – a country in contemptuous. rouge –pink makeup for Europe. sat past tense of the verb the cheekbones. Spanish – people who live to sit. roughly – approximately, in Spain, the language of satisfied – contented, in a rough manner. Spain, Mexico and other pleased. round – in the shape of an countries. sauce – a thick liquid th O. Sunday – the 7 day of served over food. route – road, path. the week. save – to keep safe or to row – an arrangement of Swiss – people who live in rescue. things or people Switzerland. saw – the past tense of

the verb to see. explore. between. say – to convey seashell –a mollusk shell. separately – apart from information. seat – a chair. others. scar – a mark from a cut second – 1/60 of a sequence – a following of nd scared – frightened minute, 2 . one thing after another. scary – frightening secret – information that series – similar things scenario – situation that is is not shared. placed in order. put forth. secretary – someone who serious – of great schedule – agenda, works in an office. consequence. calendar, list of section – department. serve – do duty or hold appointments. see – perceive with the offices. school – an eyes. services – work done by a educational institution. seem – to appear. person or group to benefit schoolwork – a school seen – past duo form of another. task performed by a the verb to see. set – adjust. student. segment – section. settings – location, schwa – a neutral vowel select – to choose, to pick. mechanical adjustment. sound, pronounced uh. self – a person’s essential settled – decided. science – systematic study being. seven – 7 of the natural world. sell – the activity of several – various. scientist – a person who persuading someone to shadows – the dark areas studies science. buy. without direct light. scoop – a large ladle or seller – someone who sell shame – a painful emotion spoon. goods. resulting from an score – grade, sports semi – partly. awareness of inadequacy result. senator – a member of a or guilt. scrambled eggs – eggs senate. shape – the external form. that are mixed with milk send – cause to go sharp – having an edge and stirred while cooking. somewhere. that can cut easily, scrape – to pull a hard, sense – a general opposite of dull. sharp tool across a conscious awareness. shatter – to break into surface. sentence – a many pieces. sea – ocean. string of words following she – female subject seal – a stamp affixed to a grammatical rules. pronoun, opposite of he. document. separable – capable of sheen – a soft luster on a seamlessly – smoothly. being divided. surface. search – to look for, separate – act as a barrier sheer – unmitigated,

steep, very thin. doubt, ignorance or sing – to make musical shelf – a indifference. sounds with the voice. horizontal surface for sibling – a brother or single – the smallest holding objects. sister. whole number (1). shell – the exterior sick – ill, not well. singular – referring to just covering of an egg or a side – a position to the left one person or thing, nut. or right, one of two opposite of plural. shin – the bone in the halves. singularly – particularly, front part of the leg. sidewalk – path for uniquely. ship – a large boat. pedestrians next to a road. sink –to drop to a lower shirt – a garment worn on sight – the power of level, a bowl for washing the upper half of the body. seeing. hands or dishes. shock – an unpleasant or sign – approve and sister – a female sibling disappointing surprise. express assent, sit – be seated. shoe – footwear responsibility. site – location. shoot kill by firing a signal – a gesture or situation – the general missile. sound used to convey state of things. shop – small store or information. six – 6 workplace. significance – importance. size – overall dimensions. short – low in stature; not silent – quiet, not making ski – to glide over snow. tall. any noise skill – an ability that has shortcut – a route shorter silk – a fabric made from been acquired by training. than the usual one. the fine threads. skip – to bypass. shorten – to make less silly – ludicrous, foolish. sky – the blue area above long. silver – a semi‐precious the earth, often having shot – the past tense of metal, the color of a dime. clouds. the verb to shoot. similar – having a slash – a wound made by should – ought resemblance, but not cutting. shout – a loud utterance. exactly the same. sleep – to rest during the show – to exhibit. simple – not complex. night. shower – a light rain, an simplify – to make less sleepy – needing sleep. enclosure to get clean complicated. slice – a thin piece. under a spray of water. simply – merely, only that. slight – small in degree. shredder – a device that since – from that time. slightly – a little. shreds documents. sincere – not deceitful. slow – at a low speed, not shrug – to move your sincerely – with sincerity; fast. shoulders up to indicate without pretense. smack – to deliver a hard

blow or slap. small – little, not large. smart – intelligent. smash hit hard, to break. smell – odor. smog – dirty air. smoke – the cloud that comes off of a fire. smooth – having an even surface with no bumps. snake – a legless reptile. snap – easy, to click the fingers together. snore – to breathe loudly while sleeping. snow – frozen snow. so – to a large degree. social – relating to people or society. soda – a sweet, carbonated drink. soft – easy to mold, not hard. software – a computer program. sold – the past tense of the verb to sell. solid – filled throughout, not hollow. solution – answer. some – unspecified in number. someday – an unspecified time in the future. somehow – for some unspecified reason. someone – an unspecified

person. space – an empty area. something – a thing of span – the complete some kind. duration of something. sometime – at some speak – say. indefinite time. speaker – a person who sometimes – on certain speaks, an amplifier occasions but not always. species – a specific kind of somewhere – an something. indefinite or unknown specific – a fact about location. some part (as opposed to son – a male human general). offspring. specifics – clearly defined song – a short details. musical composition with speech – spoken words. communication. soon – in the near future. speedy – quick, fast. sooner – comparative spell – to say the letters of form of ‘soon’. a word in the correct sophisticated – order. developed, more complex, spend – pay out. elaborate. spider – an 8 legged insect sore – painful. spill – the act of allowing a sorry – regretful, fluid to escape. apologetic. spirit – the animating soul – the human spirit. force in living beings. sound – something that spite – in spite of, without can be heard, seem (How being affected by what does that sound?). was mentioned, such as soup – a hot liquid meal. She worked in spite of her south – the bottom poor health. compass point, with north splash – the sound being the top. something hitting water. southeast – to the eastern splinter – a small thin side of the south. sharp piece of wood. soy – thin brown sauce split – to separate into made of fermented soy sections. beans. spoke – past tense of the

verb to speak. metal wire forced through sports – an activity papers to hold them requiring together. physical exertion, skill and star – a light in the night competition. sky, an actor who plays a spot – a stain. principal role. spread – a haphazard start – to begin. distribution in all starving – suffering from directions. lack of food. sprinkling – a small statement – a clear number (of something) expression of something dispersed haphazardly. in speech or writing. squeeze – the act of state – one of the 50 gripping and pressing divisions in the United firmly. States. suit – to accommodate, station – a stopping point fit, (n) men’s clothes. on a public transportation stable – not likely to line. change. statue – a sculpture stack – an neat pile. representing a human or staff – employees. animal. stage – any distinct status – the relative time period in a sequence position or standing of a of events. person in society. staircase – a set of steps. stay – continuing or stair – a step up or down. remaining in a place or stale – dry, not fresh state. stall – small area set off by steadily – in a steady walls for special use. manner. stand – a support or steal – take without the foundation. owner’s consent. standard – the ideal in stem – a slender structure terms of which something that supports a plant. can be judged. step – one level of a stand offish – unfriendly. staircase, one part of a standpoint – perspective sequence. staple – a small straight stick – to attach, (n) a

piece of wood. still – even now, such as We still don’t know. stilted – awkward, not smooth or fluent sting – a sharp pain. stink – to smell bad. stole – past tense of to steal stone – a hard piece of earth, a rock. stood – past tense of to stand. stop – to come to an end, to cause to cease. store – a place where things are sold. storm – rain, hail, or snow hard and be very windy, often with thunder or lightning. story – a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events. stove – a kitchen appliance used for cooking food. strange – unusual, different, not known before. strategy – an elaborate and systematic plan of action. street – a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings.

stress – mental or larger set. sum – total. emotional strain. substance – that which summer – the warmest striving – trying. has mass and occupies season of the year, from stroll – a leisurely walk. space. June to August. strong – powerful, the substitute – to replace. sumo –Japanese wrestling opposite of weak. subtract – deduct, take sun – the closest star to structure – building, away. the earth and the source constructed object. suburban – having to do of heat for the planet. stuck – when something with the bedroom sunglasses – dark glasses or someone can’t move or communities. for sunny days. make progress used with subway – an underground sunny – filled with to be or to get. train. sunlight student – a learner, succeed – to reach a super – of the highest opposite of teacher. desired goal. quality study – spending time and success – the achievement superlative – the highest effort in order to learn. of a desired goal. level, generally ending in – stuff – things, items, successful – having a great est. equipment, belongings, deal of success. supermarket – a grocery junk. such – to a high degree, store. stung – past tense of to used with a noun, see so. supply – to provide. sting. sudden – happening support – to give stunned – very surprised. without warning or in a assistance to. style – a manner of doing short space of time. supportive – providing something. suddenly – happening encouragement or subject – matter of a unexpectedly. emotional help. conversation or suffix – a word ending, suppose – to believe, to discussion. such as – ize, – ate, – ed, imagine, to think. subjective – based on opposite of prefix. sure – certain. personal feelings, sugar – a natural surface – the outer layer. opposite of objective. sweetener. surgical – having to do subjunctive – relating to a suggest – make a with surgery or a medical mood of verbs. proposal, declare a plan operation. submarine – an for something. surprise – a sudden underwater boat. suggestion – a proposal. unexpected event. submit – give, send in. suitcase – a portable surprisingly – subsequent – following. container for carrying unexpectedly. subset – a set within a clothes. survive – to continue to

live after an accident or procedure. tea. catastrophe. Tabasco® – a spicy hot tear – (n) [tir] a drop of sushi – rice and raw fish, sauce. salty liquid from the eye wrapped in seaweed. table – a piece of furniture when a person is sad, suspect – someone who is with tableware for a meal [tehr] to rip. under suspicion laid out on it technical – requiring a swan – an elegant, white, tackled – attempted special knowledge. water bird. something difficult, technique – a practical swear – promise solemnly; grabbed or knocked down method or art applied to take an oath another football player. some particular task. sweat – salty moisture on tadpole – a baby frog. teenager – a person the skin. tag – a type of statement between the ages of 13 sweater – a warm knitted or question ending, such and 19 garment worn over a shirt. as isn’t he. teeth – the plural of tooth sweet – a food rich in take – to reach for and telephone – an electronic sugar hold, to remove, opposite means of communicating swim – be afloat; stay on a of to bring or to leave. over distance. liquid surface; not sink talk – to speak in order to tell – say swings – a sweeping blow give information. temperature – the degree or stroke tall – high of cold or heat, often syllable – part of a word, tame – not wild measured by a consisting of at least one task – a job thermometer. vowel and perhaps a taste – flavor temporary – lasting for consonant. Syl•la•ble has taught – the past tense of only a short time, not three syllables. the verb to teach permanent symbol – an written sign, taxes – money paid to the tempting – enticing, such as © for copyright. government. attractive but wrong. synonym – words with taxi – a public vehicle ten – 10 similar meanings, such as tea – a beverage made by tenant – a person who teacher and instructor. steeping tea leaves in lives in a rental unit, synopsis – a summary of water opposite of landlord. the main points. teach – impart skills or tend – to be inclined. synthesis – the knowledge to tennis – a game played combination of ideas into teacher – a person who with rackets and a net. a whole. teaches, an instructor tense – verb changes that system – a set of things team – a cooperative unit express time, a vowel comprising a whole, a teapot – pot for brewing where the muscles are

tight, opposite of lax. their – possessive term – a word or pronoun, belonging to expression used for them something. them – objective case of terminology – a system of the words used to name then – that time; that things in a particular moment discipline there – a location other terrible – causing fear or than here; that place dread or terror there’re – contraction of terrific – very great or there are. intense thermodynamics – the test – to try something to branch of physics find out about it, an exam. concerned with the Texas – the second largest conversion of different state in America. forms of energy. text – written words. these – plural of this. textbook – a book used in they – plural of he, she, it. school. thick –dense, not thin. than – conjunction used in thin – take off weight comparatives thing – an object that one thank – express gratitude need not or cannot give a or show appreciation. name to. Thanksgiving – American think – have an idea, and Canadian holiday. ponder, cogitate, believe. that – used to identify third – 3rd someone or something thirsty – needing water. not close, opposite of this, thirty – 30 singular of those. this – used to identify that’s – the contraction of someone or something that is. close to the speaker, the – definite article, opposite of that, singular indicating one or more of these. thing that is known or has thorough – exhaustively been mentioned. complete. theater – a building where those – plural of that. movies are shown. though – however

thought – the past tense of the verb to think thousand – 1000 threaten – to express the intention of doing something negative, different from promise. three – 3 threw – the past tense of the verb to throw throat – the passage to the stomach and lungs throaty – low pitched through – having finished or arrived at completion throughout – from first to last throw – to fling or toss through the air. thud – make a dull sound Thursday – the 4th day of the week thus – so ticket – a piece of paper that gives permission to enter, such as a movie ticket or a plane ticket. A notice of offense, such as a parking ticket. tie – to attach, (n) an equal score, such as 2‐2 in a game. Men’s neckwear. tiger – a large, striped, wild cat. tight – closely constrained or constricted or constrict in

time – an instance or sauces or ketchup. tourist – someone who single occasion for some tomorrow – the day after travels for pleasure. even today, opposite of tournament – the location timer – a timepiece that yesterday. of a competition. measures a time interval tone – the overall quality toward – in the direction and signals its end of a vocal sound, of. tin – a cheap metal especially having to do towel – paper or cloth to tiny – very small with the speaker’s dry things. tip – the extreme end of attitude. tower – a tall, narrow something, especially tongue – the organ in the building. something pointed. mouth used for speaking, town – a small city. tired – exhausted, licking or tasting. toy – an object designed fatigued. tonight – today’s night. to be played with. tiring – causing to get tons – a large amount track – a rough path, often tired. too – also used for jogging. To follow title – the name of a book, took – the past tense of the movements of a form of address, such as the verb to take. something or someone. Ms. or Dr. tooth – a hard, enamel‐ traction – adhesive to – in the direction of. coated structure in the friction toast – sliced, browned jaw, used for biting and trade – an equal bread. chewing. exchange. today – this day, the day top – the upper part. traditionally – in a long‐ between yesterday and topic – subject. established manner. tomorrow. tore – the past tense of traffic – cars on the road. toe – the digits on your the verb to tear. train – railway cars on a foot. torn – fill with tears or track. tofu – bean curd. shed tear training – activity leading together – collectively tornado – violently circling to skilled behavior. Tokyo – a city in Japan. winds in a funnel‐shaped transcend – to go beyond. told – past tense of the cloud. transcription – something verb to tell. total – complete. written, particularly from tolerate – to put up with. totally – completely. speech. toll – the sound of a bell touch – to come into transfer –moving being struck, or a fee contact with. something from one charged. touchdown – a scoring location to another. tomato – a red vegetable goal in American football. translate – to change from that is often used in tough – very difficult one language to another

transportation – a means building. underline – to highlight of taking people or things turn – to change with a line underneath. from one place to directions. underneath – below. another, such as cars, turnover – the rate at understand – to trucks, trains or subways. which workers leave a job comprehend. trash – something of no and are replaced. underwater – beneath the value, garbage. tutor – a private teacher. surface of the water. trashcan – a container for TV – television. undressed – without trash. twelve – 12 clothes travel – to make a twenty – 20 unemployed – not having journey. twice – two times a job. tree – a tall woody plant two – 2 uneven – not smooth, not with a trunk and branches. type – a subdivision of a equal. trial – presentation of particular kind of thing unfortunate – unlucky. evidence by lawyers to a typical – distinctive. unfortunately – by bad judge to determine guilt typically – in a typical luck or innocence. manner. unhappy – feeling of triangle – a shape with 3 typist – a person who distress or sadness. sides. types. uniform – all of the same trip – a short journey. umbrella – a handheld size and shape, clothes. trouble – difficulty or canopy to protect a union – the state of being problems. person from the rain. joined or linked. truck – a large vehicle for unaccompanied – alone. united – joined as one. transporting heavy things. unaided – without help. unit – a part, an item. true – consistent with the uncalled – one not called unless – if not, except facts. or invited. when trust – to believe, to rely unchanging – stable. unplanned – not on uncle – a parent’s brother. scheduled, accidental. truth – a fact that has uncountable – something unreal – fake been verified. that is not able to be unrelated – not connected try – to attempt. counted, such as air, by kinship tub – a large container for water, furniture; inseparable – not capable taking a bath. contrasted with countable, of being separated. nd Tuesday – the 2 day of such as two pens, some unstressed – not bearing a the week cars, many people. stress or accent. tunnel – a passageway under – located beneath until – up to a time. through a hill or under a something else unusual – strange, not

common or ordinary. hold flowers. unvoiced – a consonant veer – to turn sharply. that is whispered, vegetable – an edible opposite of voiced. plant, such as broccoli or up – toward a higher corn. position. vein – a blood vessel that upon – on top of. carries blood from the upset – an unhappy and capillaries to the heart. worried mental state verb – an action word, us – plural of me, object such as to go or to see. form of we. verify – confirm use – to employ. version – an used to – previously. interpretation of a matter useful – helpful. from a particular useless – having no viewpoint benefit. very – precisely as stated usual – common. vice – in place of usually – commonly. vicious – having the utilize – to use. nature of vice utter – express in speech. victim – someone harmed vacation – a holiday or as the result of a crime or break from school or accident. work. view – a way of regarding vacuum – the absence of situations or topics etc matter, a gap, (v) to clean vine – a climbing plant. with a vacuum cleaner. violet – a purple flower. valley – a long depression virus – an agent that of land that often contains infects either people or a river. computers. valuable – something of vision – the state of being worth, precious. able to see. value – the importance or visit – the act of going to worth of something. see some person or place variety – diversity. or thing for a short time various – several different visual – having to do with things. sight. vase – an open jar used to vital – necessary.

vocabulary – words voice – a sound uttered though the mouth. voiced – a consonant that is spoken, not whispered. volume – the amount of 3‐dimensional space occupied by an object voluntary – done of a person’s free will. vote – a choice made by people in an election. vowel – a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y or w, opposite of a consonant. wait – to stay where you are in expectation of something. waiter – a person who works in a restaurant serving food. walk – to travel by foot. wall – a brick or stone structure that divides land; a side of a room or building. wallet – a folding case for papers and paper money. wannabe – an ambitious and aspiring person want – a specific feeling of desire war – the waging of armed conflict against an enemy warehouse – a storehouse for goods and

merchandise weigh – to find out how warm – between cold and heavy something is. hot. weight – heaviness or warning – an alert. lightness. was – the past tense of weird – strange. the verb to be, used with I, welcome – to accept he, she, it. gladly. wash – to clean. well – a deep hole drilled waste – to use or spend for water or oil. carelessly. went – the past tense of watch – to look the verb to go. attentively. (n) a were – the past tense of timepiece for the arm. the verb to be, used with water – H2O you, they, we. wave – a hand movement western – having to do to indicate hello or with the west, opposite of goodbye, an ocean surge. eastern. way – manner, how. wet – covered with water, wayside – edge of a way not dry. or road or path. what – a thing, a question we – plural of I. (what?) weak – having little whatever – anything. strength, opposite of wheel – the four round strong. objects that allow a car to wear – to have on clothes. move easily. weather – the when – a time, a question temperature and (when?) conditions, such as rain or whenever – every time snow. that. wedding – the marriage where – a place, a ceremony. question (where?) rd Wednesday – the 3 day whereas – on the other of the week. hand. week – 7 days whether – introducing weekend – Saturday and two alternatives. Sunday. which – that, used with weekly – every week. commas.

while – (conj) during the time that. white – the color of snow. who – a person, a question (who?) whoever – whatever person. whole – including everything, entire. whom – object form of “who”, such as To whom shall I send this? This form is falling from favor. whose – of which person. why – question word; what is the reason. wicked – morally bad in principle or practice. wide – broad in scope or content, opposite of narrow. widow – a woman whose husband has died. width – the extent of something from side to side. wife – a man’s partner in marriage. wiggle – to move to and fro. wild – an uninhabited area in its natural condition. will a helping verb used for the future, such as I will do it later. win – to have a victory. wind – moving air.

window – a glass section figuratively, such as a write – to mark letters or of a wall. wooden demeanor. words on paper or a windshield – the front word – a single unit of computer. glass in a car. language. writer – a person who windy – breezy. wordy – containing too writes winter – the coldest many words. wrong – incorrect, season of the year. work – activity directed opposite of right. wire – a thin flexible metal toward making or doing wrote – the past tense of thread. something. the verb to write wise – having experience, worker – a person who Xerox®– a photocopy. knowledge and good works. yacht – a large fancy boat judgment. workout – an exercise Yankees – a New York wish – to feel a strong session. baseball team. desire for something that world – the earth. yard – 3 feet, similar to a is generally not going to worldly – sophisticated. meter. Also the front or happen. See hope. worldwide – global. back area of a house. witch – a woman with evil worn – past tense of to year – 365 days. magic powers. wear. yell – to shout or call out with – accompanying. worry – a strong feeling of loudly. within – on the inside. anxiety. yellow – the color of gold without – in absence of worse – more bad. or a lemon. wolf – beast, carnivorous worst – the most bad. yes – agreement, the canine mammals. worth – having a specified opposite of no. woman – an adult female value. yesterday – the day person. would – the unreal duo before today, opposite of women – plural of form of will. tomorrow. woman. wound – (n) an injury, yet – up to the present won’t – the contraction of past tense of the verb to time, used with a negative will not. wind. or question, such as I wonder – feeling of wrestler – someone who haven’t done it yet or surprise. grapples with and tries to Have you done it yet? wonderful – very good. throw an opponent. yikes – an exclamation of wood – the brown wrestle – the act of surprise. material in the trunk of a grappling and throwing an yolk – the yellow part of tree. opponent. an egg. wooden – made of wood. wrinkled – marked with you – second person It can also be used creases. pronoun.

young – any immature animal, opposite of old. your – of or belonging to you. yourself – reflexive form of “you”. zebra – a black and white animal, similar to a horse. zip – to move very fast or to close with a zipper. zoo – a park with animals. zookeeper – a person who takes care of the animals in a zoo.

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