Computer and Its Uses, Sample of Dissertations

46 pages, 22848 words

Computer Proficiency License (CS001)

Virtual University of Pakistan

1 Virtual University of Pakistan

Computer Proficiency License (CS001)

Computer Proficiency License

Rector Dr. Naveed Akhtar Malik Project Supervisor Asst. Prof Saba Khalil Toor Handouts Compiled by Afia Mufti Syeda. Mariyam Bukhari

2 Virtual University of Pakistan

Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Table of contents

Lecture # Module 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Introduction to Training Environment & Computing Input Input Devices Output Storage Hardware Software Internet Security Computer Environment System Properties Desktop Organizing Files Introduction to Text Editing Working with Text Editor Closing an Application Saving files on Floppy Print Management Basic concepts of word processing Introduction of MS word Text formatting Tables Mail Merge Preparing Output Basic concepts of MS Excel Introduction of Excel Sheets Working with Cells Worksheets Formulas and Functions Formatting Charts and Graphs Prepare Output Advance Topics Introduction of Power Point Developing a Presentation Formatting Charts and Objects Animations Printing a Presentation

Lecture Title

Page #

5 10 13 15 18 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 36 39 40 42 43 44 47 51 55 61 62 65 68 72 75 79 83 87 92 97 101 104 108 112 116 120 123

Module 2

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Module 3

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Module 4

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Module 5

34 35 36 37 38 39

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Module 6

40 41 42 43 44 45 Internet Web Navigation Search Engines Email Messaging Mail Management 126 132 136 140 144 148

Important Note:

This handout is a supplementary material for the course of Computer Proficiency License (cs001).

It is meant to be used along with the DVDs/CDs provided by Virtual University of Pakistan. To get the full benefit of the knowledge imparted in this course, it is mandatory for you to go through the modules and perform the hands-on as well as other exercises and solve pre and post assessment questions.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 01 Introduction to Training Environment & Computer Basics 1. Introduction

CPL stands for Computer Proficiency License, also known as VU-CPL. It is a computer based training course offered to all who are interested in learning of the usage of computer applications, after going through this course you will become comfortable and confident about computer usage. You can become proficient in the knowledge of computer utilization by using DVDs/CDs that are designed specifically for this course. It has six modules. Module 1 – Introduction to Computers Module 2 – Using the computer and managing files Module 3 – Word processing Module 4 – Spread sheets Module 5 – Presentation Module 6 – Information and communication

2. Objectives

The objective of the above mentioned six modules is to provide sufficient knowledge about the computer and its utilization for you to perform your daily computer related tasks .with ease and confidence.

3. Training Environment of CPL

Software being installed for this course has its own training environment. It is divided into different parts for understanding and ease of use. Details of these areas are explained as under. 1- Table of contents/Index area Left side of the screen is called table of contents or index area where you will find lesson names and subsections. You can browse these subsections using spacebar. To go back to previous lesson use “backspace” key where as to repeat the same lesson, “enter” key is used. 2- Instruction area The center-bottom bar is used for instructions during the lesson. 3- Subtitle of lesson and duration The top-center area is used for subtitle of lesson with its running duration in minutes. 4- Module Number Module number is written at the top-right corner. For example, if you are using module 3: Word processing then the module number displayed will be ‘3’ 5- About, help and exit buttons At the left-bottom corner you will see three buttons.

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About button shows the some basic information about the VU-CPL. Help button will open a new screen with instructions to run the modules. You can close the module by clicking at the exit button. 6- Lesson presentation area or lesson screen This is center area, where lessons contents, such as, text, animation and graphics is displayed.

4. What is computer?

Computer is an electronic device that takes data, instructions and information as input and produce output (information) after processing it. It is a machine that process thousands of instructions in less than a second and produces outputs as instructed or programmed.

5. Advantages of computers

1- Efficiency Machines are more efficient than humans. They can perform millions of calculations with less effort in no time. 2- Reliability Work done by computer is more reliable than one done by humans. Computers perform according to the instructions given to it that makes output or results produced by these more accurate and reliable. For example, a computer can do millions of error free calculation in less than a second. 3- Storage Computers give you an advantage of storing large amount of data in one place. For example you can store the data of whole library in one computer. 4- Fast results Computers are capable of doing many difficult tasks in very short time. Everyday the processing speed of computers is increasing to make them work faster. Latest computers are capable of performing thousands of instructions and calculation in less than a minute which used to take hours with old PCs.

6. Basic terms for computer

Input Whatever goes into the computer is called input. For example text, graphic sounds etc. In every day life the example for input is a voting slip in a ballot. Input Devices An input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and instruction to computer, for example keyboard and microphone. Every day life example is a hand that is used to put the voting slip in a ballot box. Thus hand is input device for ballot box.

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Output Anything that comes out of a computer is called output. For example sound of a playing video in computer is the output. Output Devices An output device is a hardware used to get the output from the computer. For example head phones are output device and used for listening sound in computer. Processing Computer is given the data and instruction as input, which is processed to create output in the form of information. Data is a raw form of symbols, numbers, images etc, whereas information is an organized, meaningful and useful form of the data. For example, some data (student roll number, name, total marks, obtained marks etc) from the mid exam is entered. Computer process the data, and creates a report of pass and fail students. This report is more organized and useful for us, and thus information rather than just data. Storage Storage, also referred as memory, is the ability of computer to store data, information or instructions. It can save digital data on RAM, hard disks or removable memory. Storage Devices Storage devices are used to store data when they are not being used in memory. The most common types are floppy disks, hard disks and CD-ROM and DVD. Hardware Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the processing unit. In contrast to software, hardware is a physical entity, while software is a non-physical entity. Hardware and software are interconnected, without software; the hardware of a computer would have no function. Software How does computer use its hardware? The term software refers to programs or sets of instructions that the computer uses to perform computer operations. Software can also be described as a collection of routines, rules and symbolic languages that direct the functioning of the hardware. Software is capable of performing specific tasks, as opposed to hardware which only perform mechanical tasks what they are mechanically designed for. We can think or write instructions, but can not touch them. Characteristics of software Software is intangible (you can not hold it like hardware).

It is weightless. It does not exist as hardware.

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Software is use to operate the computer.

7. Types of Computers

There are five basic types of computers. Super Computers Are the fastest computers, and because of their speed and memory, are capable of performing operations that would not be practical for PCs or mainframes. Advantages of super computers High speed Most Accurate Most Expensive Examples Cray, ASCII white, Earth simulator etc Mainframe Computers Mainframes are computers where all the processing is done centrally, and the user terminals are called “dumb terminals” since they only input and output (and do not process).

Mainframes are computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census. Examples: banks, airlines, insurance companies, and colleges. Examples PTC, PIA, Banks and other organizations in Pakistan use main frame computers Mini Computers These are powerful, expensive, comparatively less speed computers than mainframes, that are made for more complex procedures and are intended for one user at a time. Some of the complex procedures consist of science, math and engineering calculations and are useful for computer design and manufacturing. Personal Computers PC is an abbreviation for a Personal Computer, it is also known as a Microcomputer. Its physical characteristics and low cost are appealing and useful for its users. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, home computers were developed for household use, offering some personal productivity, programming and games, while somewhat larger and more expensive systems (although still lowcost compared with minicomputers and mainframes) were aimed for office and small business use. Portable Computers A portable computer is a small personal computer designed for mobile use. A portable computer integrates all of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also known as a track pad, or a pointing stick) and a battery into a single portable unit.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) 8. Summary

In this lecture we learnt: • What is computer? How it is used in our daily life? • Advantages of computer • Basic computer terms e.g storage, output, input etc • Types of computer

9. Exercise

In our daily life there are many devices that act as either input device or output device. List any five such input and output devices from real life. Search the market and identify two input and output devices that use the input data into the computer and get the output from computer, other than one mentioned in this lesson.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 02 Input 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide answers to the following questions: • What is a keyboard? • What are different keys on keyboard? • What is their functionality?

2. Keyboard

It is an input device to give computer some input. It is like pen in writing. It is called keyboard because it is comprised of a board with keys installed. Every key send unique information to computer.

3. Keyboard types

There are different types of keyboards. Standard keyboard is the most commonly used keyboard. Key arrangement can be different for these keyboards. Some may have special keys for other tasks than just typing. These special keyboards are usually used for multimedia purposes like video editing, sound design etc.

4. Basic Keyboard keys

There are usually 104 keys on standard keyboard. Pressing the key once and releasing it is called a key stroke. Character keys These are used to enter alphabetic characters. These characters become uppercase when pressed with shift key or caps lock is on. Numeric keys There are 10 numbers or numeric keys (1, 2, 3 to 9 and 0) on standard keyboards. These are used in the same fashion as typewriters’ keyboard to enter numbers. These become symbols or punctuation marks when pressed with the shift key. For example 1- Shift + 8 will print * 2- Shift + 4 will print $ Special keys Shift, Alt and Control(ctrl) keys are special keys and when pressed with other keys, perform special operations. For example ctrl+c will copy the selected file or text, shift+ character key will print that character in capital. Escape keys

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It is used to escape/exit from certain type of applications. Function keys

F1, F2, …. F12 are called function keys. These are used for different purposes. For example F5 is used to refresh the web page in internet browser. F1 will open help window. Arrow keys There are four keys(arrow Keys) for cursor navigation. Left arrow key, Right arrow key Up arrow key, Down arrow key Numeric key pad On the right side, a separate area is reserved for numeric keys, mathematical operational keys(+ , – , * , /) , enter, dot and Num Lock key. Space Bar It is horizontal wide key, in the lower most row. It generates space between two characters. Punctuation keys These are keys to enter punctuation and are located on the right side of alphabet keys. Enter key Enter or return key cause cursor to go to next line, form or window to perform its default function. Application key It launches the menu with the keyboard rather than the usual right mouse button. Toggle keys Caps lock, Num lock and Scroll lock keys are toggle keys. At the top right corner, there are three small lights to show the status of these locks. When pressed one, corresponding light is turned on. The keys on numeric key pad act as numbers and dot. When this key is pressed again and the corresponding num lock key light is switched off, the key act as arrow keys, home key, pg up, pg down and end keys. Characters become capital when the caps lock is on. Scroll key modifies the functionality of arrow keys. When the scroll lock is on, the arrows keys would scroll the window instead of moving the cursor. Print screen key It is the key which is used to save (capture) all the contents of the screen in a temporary area. Insert key Key use to insert or overwrite character(s) within a word is called insert key. The key acts as toggle key. If it is in the insert state than any character pressed while the cursor is placed within a

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word gets inserted. If the key is pressed and it is in the overwrite state than any char pressed while the cursor is placed with get overwritten. Home key / End key It is used to go to start (home key) or end (end key) of the document. Page up key / Page down key It is used to go to previous (page up key) or next (page down key) page. Delete key The key used to delete characters. Backspace key The key used to delete the preceding characters. Special keys

Alt, Ctrl and shift keys are non-typing keys. They don’t print anything when pressed. These when pressed with other keys, modify the usual operation of that key. For example Alt + F4 close the active window. Tab key Tab key is a typing key and used to put more than one space within characters or words.

5. Summary

In this lecture we have learnt: • What is keyboard? What is its use? • Keyboard types • Standard keyboard keys • Character keys, Numeric keys, Bracket keys, Punctuation keys, Backspace key, Delete key, Tab key, Caps lock key, Num lock key, Scroll lock key, Insert key, Page up/down keys, Functional keys, Special keys

6. Exercise

Practice the usage of character keys placed on the keyboard by writing A quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog Write the names and numbers of all the functional keys on your keyboard. State the difference between typing and non-typing keys.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 03 Input Devices 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide the answers to the following question: • What is a computer mouse? • What are its different forms? • Some other pointing devices than mouse • Input devices for image, sound and video

2. Pointing devices

Devices used to point things at the computer screen are called pointing devices. For example mouse, track pad etc

Mouse

Mouse is a pointing device that works by detecting motion relative to its supporting surface. Furthermore: There are many types of computer mouse available in the market. They usually have different shapes or buttons, but they work almost in the same fashion. Mouse Buttons There are two buttons on standard mouse 1- Right mouse button 2- Left mouse button Mouse Pad is a surface used to sense the mouse motion. Mouse Pointer/Arrow/Cursor shows the position and motion of mouse on screen.

Track Pad

Track pad (also known as touchpad) is a pointing device consisting of a sensitive surface that translates the motion of a user’s finger to a relative position on screen.

Track Ball

Trackball is a pointing device with a ball placed in a socket with sensors to detect the rotation of the ball in 2-D.

3. Other input devices Microphone 13 Virtual University of Pakistan

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Microphone is used to input the sound to computer. It is used in motion pictures, radio and television broadcasting etc.

Scanner

Scanner is a device that scans images, papers etc to store them in computer for later use.

Digital camera/Web cam

These are input devices that input still images or video to computer.

4. Summary

In this lecture we have learnt: • What is computer mouse? • How to do clicking, double clicking, right clicking and dragging with mouse? • What is mouse pointer? • Some other devices e.g track pad and track ball • Input devices for image(Scanner), sound(Microphone), Video(Digital camera, webcam)

5. Exercise

Survey the market and find four different models of microphone that are used to input the voice into computer. Write their names and numbers. What are the different devices through which we can input video to a computer?

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 04 Output 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide the answers to the following questions: • What is output? • What are the types of output? • What are the commonly used devices?

2. Computer Output

It means taking something out from computer.

3. Types of Output

In general computer output is of 2 types 1. Soft copy 2. Hard copy

4. Forms of Output

Text, Image, Sound, Multimedia (2 or more forms are combined for example text, image, sound)

5. Output devices

Printer – Print text or image being safe in computer on paper Monitor – Output display Speakers – Output sounds being played in computer Multimedia projectors – Output multimedia

6. Printer and its types

Printer It is an output device that prints image or text being safe in computer. The output is hard copy. Types of printer 1- Dot matrix Dot is a spot of ink, whereas the matrix is a particular arrangement of dots. It works like a typewriter and consist of pins. A pin makes a dot and combination of dots forms characters and illustrations. Printing speed of a dot matrix printer is around 300 char/sec. Examples are Epson LQ 58 E, Microline 420 2- Line printer

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It works like Dot matrix printer, just it prints a complete line at a time. It contains a chain of pins that helps to print an entire line. It is superior in speed and quality. Usually a line printer prints 200 lines/min. Examples are Tolly T6218, Printrox P5220 3- Laser printer It produces high quality graphics by using the same technology as in photocopy machine. It prints a complete page at a time and works like a photopier. It can print upto 6 pg/min. For printing laser printers use powder ink that is available in cartridge. These printers are quite expensive. Examples are HP laser jet 4300, Samsun ML 1710 4- Inkjet printer It has nosals which make dots to print. Inkjet printers are low in cost. For example Lex mark Z35 Color Inkjet printer, Epson stlys C82 Color inkjet printer

7. Monitors and its types

Whatever is on screen is called display. Monitor is like TV and it output the softcopy of software and programs in computer. Like regular TV, it has some buttons as well that includes Power button and display adjustment buttons. Types of monitors 1- CRT monitors These are cathode ray tube monitors and commonly used for personal use. Examples are Philips Professional Brilliance 107P, Samsun syncmaster 551v 2- LCD monitors Liquid crystal is used for the screen which is also used in scientific calculator. It got advantage over CRT monitors due to look, lightweight and compact size. These can be adjusted in less space. Examples are Samsung Synmaster LCD, Sony LCD monitor

8. Speakers

Different types of computer speakers are available in the market. These speakers work very much like regular speakers. Examples Yamaha 51 Logitec z-640

9. Multimedia projectors

Enlarge display and sound to have it on some screen. It works like a magnifying glass. Examples Epson Powerlite 8118 Toshiba Digital Multimedia

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) 10. Summary

In this lecture we have learnt: • What are Computer Output and output devices? • Types of output • Commonly used device e.g Printer, Monitor, Speaker

11. Exercise

Find out the different sized that are available for LCD monitor, CRT monitor Economical printer is which has less running expenses as compared to others. Figure out which printer type is more economical and write its name and model. What is meant by built in speaker?

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 05 Storage 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • Computer storage • Types of storage • Commonly used storage devices

2. Storage

Process of storing information in computer is called storage. The devices used to store data are called storage devices.

3. Advantages of storages

Information at different places can be saved in computer and can be re-used when needed.

4. Types of storage devices

1 -Primary storage devices 2- Secondary storage devices

4.1 Primary storage devices

Storage devices which are installed at the mother board are called primary storage devise. It is also called memory.

Types of primary storage

There are two types of primary storage devices 1- ROM 2- RAM

ROM

ROM stands for read only memory. It is a storage device from which only stored information can be read. It can’t be modified, delete or removed. It is like something written on stone that can not be removed or changed once written. It is permanent storage devise and data remains safe on ROM even when computer is off. It contains information related to computer startup process which is written at the time of memory manufacturing. Computer cannot start without ROM.

RAM

RAM stands for random access memory. It is like something written on sand which is temporary and would be erased. It is temporary memory, also called volatile memory. RAM stores information which is currently processed by computer. When power off, it loses all the information. Data can be read, stored, modified or delete from the RAM.

Size of storage

Byte is the unit for measuring memory. 1 byte means 1 character

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For example Pakistan is consisting of 8 bytes. Byte is small unit 1024 bytes = 1 kilo byte (kb) 1024 kilo bytes = 1 mega byte (mb) 1024 mega byte = 1 giga byte (gb)

4.2 Secondary storage devices

Why is secondary storage devices needed? RAM stores info temporary, whereas we can’t store information on ROM. So we need some place to store information, even when computer is off. It is also called non-volatile storage devices. For example floppy disks, hard disks, compact disks, magnetic tape etc.

Advantages of secondary storage devices

1- More data can be stored as compared to primary storage devices 2- Information remains there even if power is switched off.

Types of secondary storage

1- Magnetic disks 2- Optical disks

Magnetic disks

Floppy disk and hard disks are considered in this category. Floppy disk Floppy means soft and disk means something flat and circular A floppy disk can store up to 144 MB of data. Data is stored in circular tracks. Floppy disk is covered by hard casing (shutter, magnetic, liner, shell, and notch) If notch is opened than floppy disk becomes write protected that means that can’t be written on the floppy disk and can only be read. You can write something about the content of floppy disk at the sticker attached at the casing. But use soft tip pen to avoid damage to the disk inside the casing. Floppy is light weight, low cost, commonly used and biggest advantage of floppy is portability. It must be used with care or information saved can be wasted. It should keep away from magnet to safe from damage. The disk should not place in high temperature areas. Floppy drive is used to read/write data on floppy disk. Hard disk It is made of hard material, sealed in casing. More than one hard disk can be sealed in a casing to increase the storage capacity in computer. Data is stored in circular form. Storage capacity of hard disk is very high and high volume of data can be stored here. Hard disk is more durable than floppy drive but it is not as portable as floppy. Don’t bring near magnets and should not place in high temperature area.

Optical disks

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It is called optical disk because laser beam is used to read and write the data. Diameter is 4.25 inch whereas width is less than 1/20th of an inch. It is easily portable device. There are four types of optical disks 1- CD ROM CD stands for compact disk and ROM stands for read only memory. It is read only storage device, mostly used for audio, videos etc. 600 MB to 800 MB data can be stored. It is easy portable devices. CDs should not be scratched. 2- Write once read many(WORM) It acts as CDROM after data is written on it once. It is used to store data, information. 3- Re-writeable CDs CDs which can be read and write many times are called re-writeable CDs. 4- DVDs DVD stands for digital versatile disk. It was invented to store video only that is why previously it was called as digital video disk. Its capacity is much greater. DVD ROM – Data can be read from it, but can not be written, changed or deleted. DVD RAM – It works like re-writeable CDs. Data can be read, written, stored or removed from it. Storage capacity is huge from 4.7 GB to 9.4 GB. It is easily portable.

4.3 Other storage devices

Magnetic tape It is like an audio cassette. Data is saved in line. Data saved first would be read first. It has huge storage capacity. Keep it away from magnet to save from damage.

5. Summary

In this lecture we learnt about: • Different storage devices (RAM, ROM) • Magnetic devices (HD, FD) • Optical devices (CDs. DVDs)

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 06 Hardware 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • Computer hardware • Location where different hardware component are placed in computer • Purpose of various hardware components

2. Computer Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the processing unit

3. System Unit

It refers to the box that encapsulates the processor, motherboard, CD and floppy drives, Hard drives, memory, ports etc.

4. Terms related to system unit

Following are the terms for external parts of computer casing . Computer casing is the box that houses the computer Power button is used to switch on the computer. Restart button is used to restart (shutdown first and than automatically starts again) the computer Lights shows the running status of the computer CD ROM is the input device used to read data from CDs. Floppy Drive is the input device used to read data from floppy Ports It is an interface that links computer with other peripherals and monitor. Keyboard port is a socket used to connect keyboard to computer. Mouse port is a socket used to connect mouse to computer. Serial port is a socket on a computer that is used to connect scanner, mouse etc. It got 9 pins. Parallel port is a socket at the back of the computer to connect printer. It got 25 holes. Pin sockets are used to connect speakers, microphone. RJ11 jacks used to connect phone wires to computer. Power connector is a socket used to supply power in computer Power cable is used to supply power to monitor. Drive bay is a place where hard drives are installed using screws Power supply provides power to processors, mother board etc Mother board Processor is a brain of computer and does all the processing. Fan is used to cool down the processor to avoid it from being damaged

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RAM chip is random access memory used by computer system to keep the running program here. Interface cards Sound card is the interface used to produce sound via speakers LAN card is use to develop a network (more than one computer connected to each other) Modem is used to connect internet with computer

5. How does computer works?

Following diagram explain how a computer works In a very generic form. Data goes into memory as input and from there it goes for processing. After processing it goes back to memory, from memory it is sent as out put or it is stored.

Input

Memory

Process

Output

Storage

Fig. 6.1

6. Summary

In this lecture we learnt information about: • Various hardware components of computer • System unit lights, buttons on it, front panel • Ports such as serial ports, parallel ports, USB ports, RJ 11 ports, Pin sockets • Drive Bay, Power supply, Motherboard, Card slots, RAM slots, Processor, Fan

7. Exercise

1. If you have a computer, first detach all peripherals (keyboard, mouse etc) and then attach again 2. Write down difference between serial and parallel ports of computer 3. What is RJ11 jack and why it is used in computer? 4. Write down the difference between motherboard and processor 5. Visit the market and find out the varieties of system units.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 07 Software 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • What software is? • Types of software • Tasks performed using software. • What software version is?

2. Computer Software

Software is a set of instructions. It can not be touched. Hardware does not work without software. It gives instructions to hardware to perform some functionality. Software versions Software are developed and are periodically updated. When a software is updated and a new copy of this updated is available in the market it is called a new version of a software, for example Win 95, win 98, win NT, win 2000, win XP

3. Types of computer Software

There are three basic types of computer software. 1. System software 2. Utility software 3. Application software

3.1 System Software

It maintains and control computer hardware. There are two kinds of system software. 1. Operating system 2. Device drivers 1- Operating System Operating systems manage and coordinate the activities of the computer hardware and other software. 2- Device Drivers It manages hardware. Like a driver of a car. Operating system tells what to do to driver and than driver is responsible for action. For example operating system knows which driver to access when a print is required and than printer driver is responsible to take the print.

3.2 Utility Software

It manages hardware, operating system or application software and perform specific task. It performs tasks like maintenance, troubleshooting, virus scanning etc. Disk scanner and antivirus are example of utility software.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) 3.3 Application software

Software belongs to this category helps in daily life tasks like calculation, presentation, text editing etc. This is most commonly used type of software. 1- Word processor

It is complex form of text editors that use to provide use the basic functionality of saving, editing, updating, formatting text. These got spell and grammar checkers. MS word is most common and widely used word processor. 2- Spread sheet It helps in accounting and finance work. It contains cells (Rows and Columns) that contain a value. Different formulas can be applied on these values using by default functions. MS Excel is most common used software for developing spread sheets. 3- Presentation software MS PowerPoint is presentation software that is used by business people, educators, students and trainers to present some idea or information in form of text, image or sound. It consists of pages or slides that may be arranged in a consistent style to give a feel of presentation.

4. Microsoft

It is the one of the biggest software companies in the world. It has developed famous windows and application software like MS word, MS excel, MS power point etc.

5. Summary

In this lecture we learnt: • What software is? • Types of software • Users and functionality of software • What is meant be version of software?

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 08 Internet 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • What is meant be Internet? • Services available over internet • How to access internet?

2. Internet

Internet is network of networks. It doesn’t belong to any one and non one runs it. People around the globe access internet via telephone line or satellite. How to access it? Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company or organization that connects the users with internet. ISP is always connected to internet and people who want to access internet, connect it via their local ISPs. It is used to share information and resources over internet.

3. Services over Internet

1- World Wide Web 2- Email World Wide Web Web meant net. It was originally designed to share information among scientific community. But now it is the most popular way of sharing information. Web page is a resource of information written in html. Web browser is software that is used to view webpage. Internet explore is one of the famous internet browser. Web site is a collection of related web pages. Every website has a unique address to access it. It is called uniform recourse locator (URL).

For example www.vu.edu.pk is the url for the virtual university’s website. Links provide us the access to other web pages in website. You may have seen links like home, contact us, about us etc. Advantage of web is availability of huge resource of information. For example temperature of different parts of world is available over the web and How to reach the web? 1- Connect telephone line to computer 2- Connect to ISP a. Enter ISP phone b. Enter user name and password to connect

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3- Open browser 4- Enter URL and browse internet Email It is like regular mail just with a small different that you need computer to read, write or send email. It is used for communication between people who are at some distance. Its delivery is faster, safer than regular mail. Probability of losing t is very low and it can be viewed from anywhere in the world as it resides on internet.

Email address is used to send email from one pc to another. e.g [email protected] is email address to send email to Virtual University of Pakistan. Email client is software to compose, sent, receive or read email. You can access your emails from anywhere in the world. All you need is email id and password provided. This ensures authenticated access to your emails. Password is a secret word, used to uniquely identifies the user. Some famous email clients are MS outlook, Neo mail, Lotus notes.

4. Summary

In this lecture we learnt about: • Internet, web, email • Web site, WebPages

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 09 Security 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • What is meant by security of computer? • Risk associate with computer. • Methods of protection against these risks

2. Security Risks

There are risks associated with hardware, software, data etc that can cause a big loss to the owner. One should do preventative actions to avoid these security risks. Types of risks 1- Hardware theft Save hardware/computer from stealing by placing it somewhere safe. 2- Virus Computer virus is software that damage computer. For example it may cause your computer to restart when you open MS word. Antivirus software is used to eliminate virus from computer. It scans hard disk to find virus and terminate them. It also stops entering new virus into computer. New versions of antivirus, help to prevent viruses to damage computer or data. 3- Unauthorized access If you don’t want someone else to access your data in computer, you can protect your computer/data with password. It will reduce the risk of unauthorized access to your pc. Password is a unique word that identifies the user. 4- Backup Data saved in your computer may lose due to some reason. In case of having its backup (same data at some other place/storage device) you can access and use it. Backup is the process of copying data. For example you have prepared a presentation and due to virus attack it got damaged or deleted. If you have its backup file at some secondary storage media like floppy etc, you can restore the presentation from that device. Backup utilities help to organize backup data (that data being copied).

5- Software piracy If some one copy and sells the software of any developer or company without its permission, than he is doing piracy. It is of the biggest problem, software industry is facing now. Copying and selling software in such manner is against software copyright act. According to the copyright act If someone steals the software Or

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Copies or sells it without the permission of the owner/developer Legal action is taken against him.

3. Summary

In this lecture we learnt: • What is hardware security? • Different types of security risks • What is meant by computer virus? • What is meant by anti-virus? • What does data backup means? • What is software piracy?

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 10 Computer Environment 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • How to start, turn off and restart computer? • Basic windows structure and properties • View computer’s information

2. Starting the computer

Press the power button on system unit to start the computer. The area you will see on the monitor screen, after computer a start is called desktop. It is called desktop because you can use it like the top of the desk to place the icon or shortcut to your favorite programs or soft wares. Window is software developed by Microsoft which is usually called Microsoft windows. Window has different versions like window 95, window NT, window 2000, window XP etc. Although these versions are similar to each other but every new version is better than the previous with and provides new features as well. ICON is a graphical representation of files, folders, disk drives, toolbar buttons etc. Name of the icon, file, folder etc is written just below it. The word icon came from the Greek word “eikon” which means image. Still religious pictures are called Eikon in Greek. In windows, these icons are links to software to open it with double click of the mouse. You can design such icons yourself as well. Taskbar is the bar at the bottom area of desktop (monitor screen).

Icons of our tasks and software being used will appear here. It is called taskbar because it shows the tasks being carried out in computer. Start button reside at the left side of the task bar. At the right side of this button, quick launch bar exist. Icons reside here open their respective programs with single click. System tray exist at the right side of the task bar, which may contains some icons like antivirus programs, firewall software etc. Icons in system tray represent programs which work in background. For example an antivirus program works consistently in the background to protect your pc from viruses and only icon display here. In the same system tray, there is a clock indicating the system time. It is called system clock.

3. How to shut down the computer?

Click on start (located at the bottom left side of the task bar on monitor screen).

A list of program names and commands will appear. Click on the option “Shut down”. A dialogue box of shut down will appear in front of desktop. Desktop will turn into gray color. In a drop down menu there, you can see the options like Log off, Restart, Shutdown, and Standby by clicking at the arrow on the right side. There are three buttons Ok, Cancel, and Help at in the dialogue box. Clicking on OK button will shutdown your PC. Old computers show shutdown message on screen that “It is now safe to turn off your computer” Turning off your computer during work may damage your pc and all data will be lost.

4. How to restart computer?

You may need to restart the computer. Why we restart computer?

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There can be several reasons for restarting computer. Like new installation of any software can ask for restart, or computer suddenly stop working (halt).

To restart your computer, click on start button at the taskbar. Click on shutdown to open the shutdown dialogue box and select restart from the dropdown menu. It will shutdown the computer and starts it again.

5. Window and its structure

Basic windows properties If you are using windows XP for the first time, you will see only one icon “Recycle bin” at the desktop. Right click on the start button and select properties. Choose “classic start menu” option. New icons will appear on the desktop. Click on “My Computer” icon. A new screen will open. It is called window. Title bar A bar at the top of the window is called title bar. It has 1- Current window’s name 2- Buttons to restore down Maximize/Minimize and Close the window. Desktop can’t be seen when any window is maximized. Icon for closed windows does not appear at the task bar. Menu bar This bar resides below the title bar. It has few words like File, Edit etc, when you click at any of these, a list/menu will open. Standard bar It contains buttons to facilitate us during work. Due to their utility, these are called standard tools. Status bar It resides at the bottom of the window. It provides some information related to that window. You will come across so many other windows while working with your computer. Every window will perform a new task for you.

12. Summary

In this lecture we learnt about the basic system properties

13. Exercise

Task 1: Look at the front panel of your system unit. There is a small button other than the power button. Find out what is the use of this button. Task 2: Click on the Start button and then choose Shut Down. Find out what is the use of the option “Stand by”. Task 3: Using the help feature of Windows XP, find out what is the use of Hibernate option and how to enable it on your system. Task 4: Open My Computer window and press Alt + Spacebar keys. Observe what happens. Can you see some useful change in the window?

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 11 System properties 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • View the computer’s desktop settings • Be able to format the floppy disk • Use available help functions

2. Basic System Information

Information like what hardware, software, operating system etc is used in system is called basic system information. Right click on “My Computer” and select “Properties”. You will find information like operating system name and version, registration data, processing speed and RAM size. Your computer may have different RAM size like 64 MB, 128 MB, and 256 MB etc.

3. Changing date and time

Double click at the system clock in the system tray at the taskbar of the desktop. Date and time properties will open. You can change time and date.

4. Changing the wallpaper

Right click on the empty area of the desktop. Select properties from the menu. Display properties will open. Select the tab that display “Desktop”. Select the background and click on OK button. You can also choose wallpapers other than given in list by using the “Browse” button. Drop down menu below Browse button, give you position options that are Center, Tile and Stretch. Computer generated images are created by using several colors. More colors make an image better. To change the display settings, bring the same display properties window. Right click on the empty area of the desktop, select properties, and select “Settings” tab. Now you can change color quality (16 bit, 32 bit etc) and screen resolution (640 by 480 etc).

There are two more buttons in this window. Troubleshoot – we click on this button when we need some help from computer Advanced – It is the option to change the internal hardware settings of the computer.

5. Changing the Screen saver

At the old time, when monitors had no automatic shutdown system, screen savers were used to save the screens. Picture tube surface has a permanent image embedded in it. This is called screen burn out and results if computer remains on for long time, and show the same window/picture. To change the screen saver, select the screen saver tab in display properties. In drop down menu, you will find a list of names of screen savers. You can select any one from these with the wait option. This option will wait for the selected number of seconds/minutes and after that start screen saver if screen remains unused. You can preview the selected screen saver by clicking on “Preview” button. To remove/stop screen saver, press any key on keyboard or move mouse.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) 6. Help feature

Open “My Computer” and press F1 (functional key).

A help window will open. You can find help about any topic. For example, if you need to find out about the way to change the desktop color. Enter desktop color in search option and press enter or click on the button in front of text area. You will find the results against your search. Click on any option you find appropriate to get the complete information related.

7. Formatting a floppy disk

Insert the floppy into the floppy drive. Open My Computer and right click on the icon of the Floppy Drive. In the menu, select the “Format…” option. Choose quick format and click on start button. Floppy disk will be formatted and all data will be removed.

8. Summary

In this lecture we learnt: • Basic system properties • How to configure computer’s desktop • How to take help from computer • How to format the disk

9. Exercise

Task 1: Open My Computer window. Right click on the icon of My Computer that appears in the task bar. Choose the “Close” option from this menu. Observe what happens. Task 2: Is the floppy of 3¼ inches the only size available in the market? Search around and find out which other sizes are available. Task 3: Use the Help and Support menu of Windows XP and find out how to customize your computer. You will find a link labeled as “Customizing your computer”.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 12 Desktop 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • How to arrange desktop icons? • Recognize and use of icons • How to resize and move the window? • Difference between active and inactive window • Understanding the terms: File and Folder

2. Working with Icons

You can see different icons on desktop. Every icon represents software. It means that associated software starts working if icon is double clicked. Icons on a desktop are placed in a certain order, but you if you want, order can be changed. Moving an icon To move an icon, we have to select it first. Click on icon and without releasing the button to the position you want to place Release the mouse Auto arrange option If auto arrange option is selected for desktop icons, we can not change icon’s location. If icon is moved, it will go back to its place. To turn off this option, right click on empty area of desktop. Select “Arrange Icons” and go to “Auto Arrange” Option. If you see an arrow before this option, click on it. It will turn off “Auto Arrange” option Arrange icons Icons can be arranged in four ways Right click on the empty area of the desktop. Move the mouse over the first option “Arrange Icons By” A sub menu will open with four options Name – It will arrange icons with respect to their names in alphabetic order Size – It will arrange icons with respect to their sizes Type – It will arrange icons with respect to their types Modified – It will arrange icons with respect to their creation date

3- Important desktop Icons

My Computer – Access to computer drives, Basic computer information

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Recycle Bin – It resembles to the waste bin, and got a recycle logo on it. It got all the deleted files or folders from the computer. If we want, we can restore deleted files from recycle bin but if once these files are deleted from the bin, we can not have them back. To delete the file or folder, select it first by clicking on it once. Now press “Delete” button on keyboard. Click on Ok in the delete confirmation dialogue box. The file or folder is deleted now. To restore the deleted file, select file and click on “Restore this item” option on the left side of the Recycle bin’s window. File will be restored and go back to its original place. To delete the file permanently, open Recycle bin and click on “Empty Recycle Bin” option on the left upper side of the Recycle bin’s window. File will be deleted and the space occupied by this file is available for use now.

4- Resizing and moving a window

To resize a window, select window’s bottom right edge and drag inside or outside without releasing the mouse. We can resize a window by dragging any of its edge with mouse pointer. To move a window click on the title bar of the window, and move it without releasing the mouse. With the help of scroll bars, we can see the content of window, which wasn’t visible before. There are two kinds of scroll bars in window. 1- Vertical scroll bar to scroll the window in up and down direction. 2- Horizontal scroll bar to scroll it left and right direction. No matter how many windows you have opened, you can work only at one of them at a time. Title bar color of the window that is in use is different from other windows. The window that is in use has a dark colored title bar and is called active window. The window that is not in use has a light colored title bar and is called inactive window.

5- Understanding files and folders

In computer data is saved in form of files. We put these generated files in folders on hard disk. To access our desired file, we have to open associated drive and than folder(s).

This is called the path to the file. For example we have a file “song1.mp3” in folder “Songs” which is placed in drive C. To access song1.mp3, first we will open drive C, and than folder Songs. In this case C:Songssong1.mp3 would be complete path. Window Explorer With the help of this window, we can browse the folders and files in our computer. Click on Start > All Programs > Accessories > Windows Explorer It has two parts unlike any other window e.g. my computer’s window 1- List panel on left side 2- Detail section on right side In list panel we can see two kinds of signs 1- Plus (expand) sign – This sign only appears before hard drive and folder, incase they got more drive partitions, folders or files. Once clicked + sign, will change it into – sign. 2- Negative (contract) sign

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File and folder tree- It is a list of folders, their sub folders and files in window explorer.

6- Summary

In this lecture we learnt: • How to arrange desktop icons? • Recognize and use of icons • How to resize and move the window? • Terms such as active, inactive window, File, Folder

7- Exercise

Task 1: On your own computer’s desktop, try to arrange icons in different order i.e. by Name, Size, Type and Modified. Task 2: Right click on your desktop, click on the “Arrange Icons by” and then click on “Auto Arrange” option. Try to drag and move the desktop icons now. Observe what happens to these icons. Task 3: Now turn off the “Auto Arrange” option from the same menu you used in the previous step and then try again to move the icon. Task 4: Open WordPad window and click on its restore down button if it is maximized. If you look at the bottom right hand corner of the window, you will find some gray dots. Using your mouse pointer, click and drag this corner. Observe what happens. Task 5: Open at least 3 different software windows. Now carefully right click on the empty portion and choose the option “Title Windows Vertically”. Observe the arrangement of windows. Similarly try the options of “Tile Windows Horizontally” and “Cascade Windows”. Task 6: Open at least 3 different software windows. Now press the Alt and Tab keys from the keyboard simultaneously. Observe that a small panel in the center of the screen will open up. This feature is called Application Switcher. Keep the “Alt” key pressed and press Tab key again to move between the icons shown in the panel. Choose any of the icons in this panel and release both the keys. Observe what happens.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 13 Organizing Files 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • Learn about files, folders, properties • How to rename, copy, paste files • How to save, delete, search files

2. Working with folders

To create a new folder, right click on the empty area of the desktop and select New

3. Creating application files

Computer based document is called file. You require application software to create files like notepad, word pad or MS word. To create a new file, right click on the empty area of the desktop. Go to New and click on the file type you want to create. For example to create a new word document, right click on the desktop, Go to New and select MS Word Document. To view the properties of software, right click on the file. File Properties window will open. To rename a file, right click on that file, and select Rename. Enter new name in place of highlighted text. To select a file, simply do a single click on it. To select multiple files 1. Click on area near to one file and than drag around all files you need to select. 2. Hold down Ctrl key and select all those files that need so be selected. 3. To select adjacent or icons in a row, press Shift Key and select those icons. We may need another copy for any file/folder for backup or further use. Copy would simply make another copy of the file/folder in memory, however the file will remain at its current location, and can be pasted(as another copy) at any other location by using the paste

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option, whereas cut would delete the file/folder from the current location and can be pasted by using paste option. To copy a file/folder, select that file or folder and press Ctrl + C or right click on it and select “Copy” option To cut a file/folder, select that file or folder and press Ctrl + X or right click on it and select “Cut” option To paste a copied or cut file, press Ctrl + V in folder or drive or right click where you want to paste the file and select Paste option. To make backup files/folders 1. Copy the file/folder to another secondary storage device like floppy disk. 2. Right click on the file folder and move your cursor to “Send To” option. Select “3 Floppy” option. To delete a file or folder 1. Select a file/folder and press “Delete” button on keyboard 2. Right click on the file and select Delete option from menu. To search a file or folder click on the start button in task bar. Select “Search” option in the menu. In the left side, there is a search panel that can help you to find a file with the following options. You can find the file with the complete or partial file name, a word or phrase in the file or just select the location to see all the files and folders in that location.

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4. Summary

In this lecture we have learnt: • About folders and their properties • Commonly used files and their properties • How to rename files, folders • How to save, delete and search files, folders

5. Exercise

Task 1: Open My Computer and then open C drive. Right click in the empty white space; choose the “New” option and then the “Folder” option to create a folder. Name this folder as “VUCPL”. Now within this folder you have to create 5 more folders by the following names: Exercise 2.1, Exercise 2.2, Exercise 2.3, Exercise 2.4 and Exercise 2.5. This folder structure will be used in the next exercises. Task 2: Create a file on the desktop and then check its size ( hint: right click on file icon and then choose properties ).

Task 3: Put a floppy disk in floppy drive of your computer. Click on Start button and choose the “Run” menu. Type “A:” (without the quotation marks) in the available text box and press OK button. Observe what happens. Task 4: Select a file or folder and then press F2 key (F2 is a function key that is located on the top row of buttons on your keyboard).

Observe what happens to the icon. Explore what you can do at this moment. Task 5: Open “My computer” and then open C drive. Click in empty white space with your mouse pointer once. Press Ctrl and A keys from the keyboard. Observe the effect of this shortcut combination.

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Task 6:

Create two folders on your desktop (Hint: Right click on the desktop and choose “New” from the menu …).

Give them appropriate names. Now open these folders and create a file in each of these folders (hint: right click & choose “Text Document” from the “New” option).

Now select file from one of the folder and press Ctrl and X keys simultaneously from the keyboard. Click in the other folder and press Ctrl + V from the keyboard. Observe what happens. Task 7: Put a floppy in the floppy drive and then open My computer. Right click on the floppy drive icon. Choose the properties option to check the capacity of the floppy. Also note the free space available. Task 8: Select any file from the C drive of your computer. Right click on it and check its size. Can you copy & save it in a floppy? Task 9: Open the search file window (hint: Click on Start button & choose search option … ).

Type “ *.txt ” (without quotation marks) in the first text box and press enter from the keyboard. Observe the results of the search. What do you infer from this example? Task 10: Press F1 key from the keyboard to open Help window. Type “Wildcard” in the text box and press enter from the keyboard. Learn about the use of wildcards in searching files.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 14 Introduction to Text Editing 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about text editing software.

2. Explaining Text Editor

Text editor is software that helps in editing text. There are several Text editing soft wares available on internet like Note pad, Text pad etc. Word processor is the advance form of text editing software. We use text or word processors to create word document. If you are using windows operating system, than Notepad and WordPad are installed by default in your system. For more clear understanding, you should consult vu-cpl’s software available at Virtual University of Pakistan.

3. Summary

We learn about text editors and how to use them.

4. Exercise

Task 1: Click on Start button & choose the RUN Menu. Type notepad in the space available and press enter from the keyboard. Observe what happens. You can also try opening WordPad in the same way.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 15 Working with Text Editor 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about Working with text editor

2. Basic functions

To open a notepad go to Start

To save the text written (modifications) in already saved file go to File

To save the file in a new location go to File

3. Summary

In this lecture you have learnt: • How to type text in the text editor and how to save the file • How to save file with a new name and new location

4. Exercise

Task 1: Open All Programs menu and then click on Accessories. Locate the notepad option. Single click on this icon and carefully drag this icon on to your desktop. This action will create a shortcut of Notepad application on your desktop. You will be able to run Notepad by double clicking this icon in future. Task 2:

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Open WordPad from the accessories menu (Hint: Click on Start button, go to All Programs and then Accessories menu).

Type any text you like and then press Ctrl and S keys simultaneously from the keyboard. A window will open up; recall what you can do with this window.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 16 Closing an Application 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about closing Text files and Editor

2. Closing the File

To close the file click on the Close button at the title bar

3. Closing the Editor

To close the Editor follows any of these. 1- Click on the Close button at the title bar 2- Go to File

3. Summary

In this lecture you have learnt how to close an application window

4. Exercise

Task 1: For this exercise we will need the VU-CPL folder that was created in the exercise of third lesson. If you haven’t created the folder then complete the 1st task from the exercise of third lesson. Now open WordPad and type any text you like. Press Ctrl and S keys from the keyboard to save the file. In the “Save in” drop down box, try to locate a folder in C Drive by the name of Exercise 2.4 in the VU-CPL folder. Save the WordPad file in this folder. Task 2: Open Notepad and type some text in the file. Save this file in Exercise 2.4 folder. Now press Alt and F4 key from the keyboard (F4 is a function key that is located on the top row of buttons on your keyboard).

Using this key combination will close the window. Try this combination on any open window.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 17 Saving files on Floppy 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about Saving files and folders on secondary storage devices

2. Closing the File

To close the file click on the close button at the title bar To save the file on floppy 1. Right click on the file and select Send To

3. Summary

In this lecture you have learnt how to save files and folders on floppy

4. Exercise

Task 1: NOTE: Before doing this task, you have to insert a floppy disk in your floppy disk drive. Open WordPad and type a few lines in this file. Press Ctrl and S keys from the keyboard. Give this file a name and then locate the option of floppy disk in the “Save in” drop down box. Choose this option and then press enter from the keyboard. After the saving process is completed, open My Computer and double click on the floppy disk icon. Is your file there?

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 18 Print Management 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about • How to install a printer? • Be able to take prints • Change the default printer • View job print status from the print manager

2. Printer

Printer is hardware. It outputs hardcopy (print on paper) of some file on your computer.

3. Installation

Installation or setup means to connect a printer with computer and copy necessary software on the computer. It can be divided into (1) Hardware Installation and (2) Software Installation Hardware Installation Connect the main power cable to power socket Put the USB cable into USB socket Switch the main power on. LED on the printer panel will be on. It indicates the printer is on and ready for taking prints. Software Installation Click on the start

4. Printing from installed printer

You can use any of these to get the print of your document. 1. Open your word pad or MS word file. In the menu bar, you can see an icon with “printer shape” Click on this icon to get the print. 2. Click on File

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5. Print job status

To view the print job status 1. Click on the start

6- Summary

In this lesson you have learnt: • How to attach and install a printer with computer • How to take prints of any file • How to use printer • How to view job status

7- Exercise

Task 1: Visit some office and explore how they use printers in a network environment. Task 2: There are different types of printers available in the market. If you have to buy a printer, which factors will you consider deciding which one is best for your requirement? Task 3: When the printer ink cartridge or laser toner is used up, what will you do with it? Task 4: Open a WordPad file which has some pages of text in it. Press Ctrl and P keys from the keyboard simultaneously. Click on the radio button beside the Pages text box and type

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“1-3” (without quotation marks).

This setting will only print the first three pages of the current document. Task 5: Open a Notepad file and choose the print option from the file menu. From the print panel, increase the number of copies to be printed.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 19 Basic concepts of word processing 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about • Open and close a word processor • Open one and several documents • Create a new document based on a document • Save a document • Switch between open documents

2. MS word Application

To open a MS word document move the mouse cursor to the following path Start

3. Explaining Screen Layout

Default screen layout is the layout of MS word when it is opened. We can change the default layout according to our will. In title bar, Name of the document with “Microsoft word” is written. If it’s a new document and not being saved yet, it will have temporary name like Document1, Document2 etc A file created by word processing software is called document.

4. Different Toolbars

At the right side of the title bar, you can see three buttons 1- Minimize button – This button is used to minimize (An open window will appear as icon in task bar) the word document. To maximize this window, click on its icon at the taskbar. 2- Restore down button – This button is used to restore down the window to a smaller size on desktop. 3- Close button – This button is used to close down the document. Menu bar is a bar just below the title bar of the document. It contains menus (File, Edit, View etc) to give specific instructions to word processor. For example File menu contains commands like Save, Close, Exit for the open document. Edit menu contains editing related commands like cut, copy, paste for the text of word document. Separator is a dotted vertical line between two adjacent toolbars in MS word. To separate two toolbars, move mouse cursor over separator between these two toolbars. Mouse cursor will change its shape into four headed arrow (cross).

Without releasing the mouse button,

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drag this toolbar to desire location (Below the preceding toolbar, or in the document area).

Toolbar will automatically adjust it self and hidden icons will appear in both toolbars. Below Menu bar, there is another bar called Standard tool bar. It contains icons/buttons to perform all important (standard) task of word processor like cut, copy, paste, save, print etc. Formatting toolbar resides next to Standard tool bar. It contains menus, buttons etc to format the text in word document. Task Pane is a panel visible on the right side of the document in default layout. It contains options like getting started, Open a document, create a new document etc. In the center of the document, you can see white area with blinking line. This white area is called page and the text we type will appear here. Blinking line is called cursor or typing pointer. Zoom option in standard tool bar helps to increase or decrease the zoom option of a document. To view the complete page, select “Page width” option from the zoom drop down menu. There are two rules places in a document. 1- Horizontal ruler 2- Vertical ruler These will give you a measure of width, length and margin of the page. MS document also contains two scroll bars 1- Vertical scroll bar is used to view page(s) of a document 2- Horizontal scroll bar is used to move page in left or right direction Status bar is a strip below horizontal scroll bar. It contains information like page no, section no, total number etc

5. Working with MS word

Saving document To save a document, go to menu bar Click on File

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A new dialogue box will open with “Save As” title Select the drive/folder from the drop down menu”Save In” Type the name of file; you want to save as, in File name text area Click Ok. Save as dialogue box will be closed. File is saved and you can see its name on title bar Closing document To close a document 1- Click on File

6. Open one and several documents

Whatever we do on computer, can be saved, in form of files. These files can be opened with double click on their icons. At any time, more than one file can be opened. For example, you can listen to some song and at the same time, you can work on multiple ms word files.

7. Switching among documents

We can open and edit more than one document at a time. To switch to any file among the several open files, click on its name on task bar or press combination of Alt+Tab. This is called window switcher or application switcher. It’s a small dialogue box which shows icons for all open files and allows switching among these files.

8- Summary

In this lecture you learnt • Open and close a word processor • Open one and several documents • Create a new document based on a document • Save a document • Switch between open documents

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9- Exercise

Task 1: NOTE: Following steps will only work if Microsoft Word is installed in your computer. Click on the Start button and then choose the Run menu option. A small window with a text box will open up. Type “winword” (without quotation marks) and observe what happens. Task 2: NOTE: This task is for those who have Windows XP installed on their computers. Right click on your Desktop area and then choose the Properties option. Display Properties window will open up. Select the Appearance tab from the top and then look foe a drop down list whose label is Color Scheme. Select the option of Olive Green. Press OK button to apply the setting. Task 3: Creating Microsoft Word shortcut on the Desktop: Click on the Start button and click on the All Programs menu option. Locate Microsoft Word option (if you have MS Office 2000 or older) or Microsoft Office (if you have MS Office 2003).

Right click on the Microsoft Word option and drag it on to your Desktop area. Release the right mouse button, a small menu will pop up. Select ‘Copy here’ option from the menu to create a shortcut. Task 4: Open Microsoft Word. Right click on the empty space that you see after the Help menu. A long list will open up. You will find some option with check mark shown on their left side. Click on any one of the item that has a check mark on its side. Observe what happens. Task 5: Open Microsoft Office and see if the Task pane on the right side is also open. Close the pane if you find it there. Now click on the view menu and click on the Task pane option to open the pane again. Task 6: Open a fresh word document and type some text in it. Press Ctrl + O from the keyboard. A window for saving files will open up. Enter the required information and save the file you have just created. Now type some more text in the same file and press Ctrl + S from the keyboard. This shortcut key will save your current document file. Task 7: Open My Documents folder and locate any file that you have created earlier. Selected the file with a single mouse click. Do not double click on the icon. Now press F2 key from the keyboard. F2 key is located in the top left corner of your keyboard, near Escape and F1 keys. After pressing the F2 key, you can type and change the name of the file. Same steps can be followed for changing folder name.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 20 Introduction of MS Word 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about • How to insert new text in existing document • How to select different portions of text in a document • How to cut, copy, paste text in document • How to delete text • How to use find, replace options

2. Opening a document

To open the existing document, first you need to open the software. Click on start

3. Inserting text in document

Suppose you have to add a line or paragraph in an existing document. First of all, you need to open this file. There would be a blinking line at the start of document. This blinking line is called cursor. It is similar to English alphabet “I”. Click at the point where you want to add some text. Cursor will be at that point now. Whatever you type will be written here.

4. Selecting text

To edit or format text, it has to be selected first. Editing is the process of changing word or sentences in any document. Formatting helps in making text more visible or attractive. Either its editing or formatting, you need to select the text to do either on it. Text selection may include a single letter, a complete word, a sentence, a line, a paragraph or a complete document. We can use mouse pointer and keyboard for text selection.

5. Selecting single letter

Bring your mouse near the letter, you need to select. Press the left mouse click for once and without leaving the button, drag to the end of letter. Letter has been selected. You can select a letter with the help of keyboard as well, if you know how to use arrow keys.

6. Selecting a word

To select a word with mouse, bring your mouse cursor over the word and double click. It will select the whole word.

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To select a word using keyboard, you have to bring the cursor, near the start of the word, press ctrl+shift and right arrow key. Word is selected.

7. Selecting a sentence

To select a complete sentence, keyboard and mouse are used. Click at the start of the sentence and then press Ctrl. Without releasing Ctrl key click once over the sentence. Whole sentence will be selected.

8. Selecting line

To select a line, click at the start of the line and move the cursor little to left side, until it changes its shape to mouse pointer. Now click once. Whole line will be selected. Keyboard can also be used to select a line. Click in the start of the line. Press Shift+ end.

9. Paragraph selection

To select a paragraph, click at the start of the line and move the cursor little to left side, until it changes its shape to mouse pointer. Now double click. Whole paragraph will be selected. To select a paragraph, using keyboard, click at the start of the paragraph. Press Ctrl, Shift and down area key. It will select whole paragraph.

10. Body text selection

To select whole document via mouse, click at the start of the document and move the cursor little bit to the left side, until it changes its shape to mouse pointer. Now click 3 times at once. Whole document will be selected. To select whole document, using keyboard, click anywhere in the document and press Ctrl+A

11. Inserting text

Document editing includes 1. Type new text in a document 2. Replace text with new text 3. How to revert change in typed text Click anywhere you want to add new text or move cursor to that position using arrow keys. Start typing required text. New text will be added.

12. Inserting symbols

Bring your cursor to the position where you want to add symbol using keyboard arrow keys or mouse click. Go to Insert

13. Overtyping text

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Overtyping mode is the typing mode in which new letters being typed replace the old letters. To enable this mode, press Insert key on your keyboard.

14. Cut and paste text

To cut select the text you need to cut, press Ctrl+X or Edit

15. Copy and paste text

To copy select the text you need to cut, press Ctrl+C or Edit

16. Deleting text

Select the text, you want to delete and press Delete button on keyboard.

17. Undo and redo commands

In case you make some mistake, you can undo it by pressing Ctrl+Z or Edit

18. Find text

Press Ctrl+F or Edit

19. Find and replace text

Press Ctrl+H or Edit

20. Summary

In this lecture you learnt that: • How to insert new text in existing document • How to select different portions of text in a document • How to cut, copy, paste text in document • How to delete text • How to use find, replace options

21. Exercise

Task 1: Open Microsoft Word. Press Ctrl + O shortcut keys from the keyboard. A window will open up. From this window you can select and open your word documents. Task 2: Click on the Start button. Take your mouse pointer on the All Programs item. Locate the ‘Open Office Document’ option and click on it to open a window. This will take you to the My Documents folder from where you can select and open your created documents.

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Task 3:

Open a document that has some text in it. Press Ctrl + A to select all the text in it. Press Ctrl + C to copy the selected text. Press Ctrl + N to open a new blank file. Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied text in this new blank file. Press Ctrl + S to save this new file. Enter the relevant information and press the Save button. Press Alt + F and then press C keys to close the newly created file. Task 4: Open a fresh document and type the following signs given below. Observe as you type these signs. ==> –> Slide transition. Select transition style from the list

4. Animation scheme

Slide transition only deals with the animations of the slides. It does not deal with the animation of objects on the slide. To apply animation on text box Click Slide Show

5. Custom animation

To apply custom animation Click Slideshow

6. Changing order

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When ever we apply animation to slide it numbered the transition effects. We can change order of the item presented in the list. This action will be done on mouse click. To change order: Select item Press “Reorder “button upward or downward according to need.

7. After Previous option

You can animate list of things automatically without mouse click. Click. Press Shift +item.

8. with previous effect

With previous means object will start its motion along with its preceding object.

9. Summary:

In this lesson we have learnt: • How to apply animation scheme on presentation slides? • What is animation and how is it related to presentation? • What is purpose of slide transition? • How to apply animations effect in slides?

10. Exercise

Task 1: Change the Slide Design: Open the presentation for which you want to change the slide design. Click on Design option from the Formatting toolbar. A task pane containing a list of design templates will be opened. Click on the design template you want to implement particular design. Task 2: Apply Animation Scheme on the Presentation Slides: Open the presentation. Click on Design option from the Formatting toolbar. A window (task pane) will appear on the right side of the presentation slides. Click on “Animation Scheme” option. Now click on the animation from the animation list. Now click on the button “Apply to All”. Animation will be applied to all slides. Task 3: Disable Password Protection: Click on the Tools menu from Menu bar. Click on option named Options. A window will appear. Click on the Edit tab. Click on the check box named Password protection in the option list of Disable new features. Click Ok button to implement these changes. Task 4: Changing in Slide Design Color: Open the presentation for which you want to change the slide design color. Click on Design option from the Formatting toolbar. A task pane will be opened. Click on “Color Scheme option”. A list of color schemes will be opened. Click on the color scheme you want to apply on slide design. Task 5: Changing the Slide Layout:

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Open the presentation slide. Click on Format menu from Menu Bar. Click on “Slide Layout” option. A task pane containing different layouts will appear. Click on the layout which you want to implement on the slide.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 39 Printing a Presentation 1.Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • How to remove spelling mistake from slides? • How to add reference notes to our slides? • How to hide and delete a slide? • How to change page setup for printing presentation? • How to take presentation and use different printing options?

2. Spelling Check

There can be three ways to use spell check: 1-Go to the Tools menu and select Spelling. 2-By right click mouse button 3-using If a misspelled word is found: Select Change to use PowerPoint’s suggested spelling or to change the word to the spelling of your choice; type your own spelling into the window. Select Add to add the word to your spell-check dictionary, so that PowerPoint won’t think it’s misspelled next time

3. Adding Notes

We can add short text points on slide in notes area. The notes are not shown during the presentation. To use these notes we have to take their print out separately. We can view notes pages by clicking View

4. Hide and unhide slide

After preparing presentation we can check its order and sequence. It is also possible that that you hide some slides for presentation. To hide a slide: 1- Select the slide in index area which you want to hide

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2-Right Click on slide and Select “Hide Slide” option or Click Edit

5. Page setup

We can take the print out of our slides and notes but for this we have to change its page setup. Page setup can be landscape or portrait. Standard page is of portrait. To change page setup: Click File

6. Printing slides

We can take print out of our slides prepared using Microsoft Power point. File created using a software and saved in computer are called softcopy and print out of soft copy is called hard copy. Three methods are there for printing: 4- Click on File

7. Summary

In this lesson we have learnt: How to remove spelling mistake from slides How to add reference notes to our slides How to hide and delete a slide How to change page setup for printing presentation How to take presentation and use different printing options

8. Exercise

Task 1: Checking your spelling: It’s a good idea to check the spelling in your presentation before the audience sees it. Let PowerPoint’s spelling checker check the presentation for you. When you activate the spelling checker, it checks the spelling in all of your slides. On the Standard toolbar, click the Spelling button. If a spelling error is detected a Spelling dialog box appears. The Spelling Checker suggests an alternative spelling in the Change To box. An additional list of suggestions may also appear below the box. If you want to continue without changing the spelling, click Ignore. If you want to change the spelling, enter one of the suggested alternatives in the Change to box, and then click Change. Task 2: Turning the automatic spelling checker off

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Click the Tools menu, then click Options. The Options dialog box appears. Click the Spelling tab. Under Check spelling as you type, click the Spelling check box to deselect it. The check mark disappears. Click OK to close the Options dialog box. The automatic spelling checker is now deactivated. Task 3: Printing your presentation: Follow these steps to print your presentation. Click the File menu, and then click Print. The Print dialog box will open. To print all the slides in your presentation, click all. In the Print what list box; select what slide contents you want printed. In the Number of copies list box, enter the number of copies you want printed. Click OK to print the presentation Task 4: Selecting a new bullet style for points: Click anywhere in the bulleted text to select it. Click the Format menu, then click Bullet. The Bullet dialog box will appear. Click the square bullet in the symbol grid. If you want, select a new color for the bullet in the color list box. Click OK. The new bullet style will appear in your bulleted text. Task 5: Hiding and unhide Slide Right click on the slide in slide pane. Click hide slide in the opened menu. Slide will be hiding. To unhide the slide. Right Click slide in slide pane and click hide slide so slide will be unhide.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 40 Internet 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • Difference between internet and www? • What is webpage, web browser and website? • What is meaning of search engine, ISP, FTP, HTTP and URL? • How to open and close a web browser? • How to change home page and open a web page in new window? • What is the purpose of refresh, stop and history in the web page?

2. Internet and WWW

WWW: stands for World Wide Web, It was introduced in 1991 and is the application of internet. World Wide Web means collection of online documents, which are stored in computers as services connected to internet and is the way to collect information from internet All of the websites in the world, taken together, make up the World Wide Web. We can get information from the World Wide Web through browsers. Internet: The Internet is the worldwide network of interconnected computers, including both web servers and computers like the one on your desk that run web browser software and share information, Instant messaging , email etc. The Internet also carries other kinds of network traffic unrelated to the web.

3. Web page, web site and web server

Website: website is the way to get information on internet and it provide lot of information related to any topic. A website is a collection of web pages maintained by a single person or organization. A website has a distinct domain name, such as www.vu.edu.pk. Everything on www.vu.edu.pk, such as this page, is considered to be part of the www.vu.edu.pk website.

Web Page: every website is made up of one or more web pages. Web page contains text with

hyperlinks, tables, and other formatting and also contains images, sound, movies etc

Web Server: web servers are the computers that actually run websites and are connected to

internet. Each website has its own web server and it stores all web pages on server. web server control web site and it has special software to store collection of websites. The most common web server software is Apache, followed by Microsoft Internet Information Server.

4. Hyper text link: Hyper text was first introduced by Ted Nansen. In hypertext, text is not represented in sequence. It is non sequential writing. To connect non sequential pages links are created. Links are basically the connection to next pages or area. It means hyper link are links which lead us to next page on mouse click. Numerous type of material can be accessed by hyperlinks. When links are created on picture, graphics, and audio and video then these are called hypermedia links. 5. Web Browser: Browse means to see through some object or thing. When we visit some website it means we are browsing that site. To see some website on internet we need some 126 Virtual University of Pakistan

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browser. Browsers are those programs that let you explore information on www or programs to view a website is called web browser. Many of web browser are available in the market like internet explorer, mosaic etc. purpose of all these browsers are only to browse WebPages but all the web browser provides different features along it like bookmark , history etc.

6. Http, Ftp and URL

Data is transferred from one computer to other through some rules, these rules are called protocol. Different protocols are used on internet like HTTP, FTP and TCP/IP etc. HTTP: stands for hypertext transfer protocol. It is protocol to transfer WebPages from web server to web browser. Basic purpose of http is to transfer those pages which contain hyper text links. All web pages URL start with http. For example: http:// vu.edu.pk

FTP: stands for file transfer protocol. Using this protocol we can access files from the ftpserver.

Ftp server are those computers on internet which store different type of files. These servers are maintained by universities, college or agencies etc. Some files on the ftp can only be accessed by some specific users, to copy these types of files we have to enter their password. For anonymous ftp sites, files are accesses without any password. These file can have any extension like .doc, .jpeg, .txt etc.

7. Understand makeup & structure of URL

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. A URL can be thought of as the “unique address” of a web page and is sometimes referred to informally as a “web address.” URLs are used to write links linking one page to another; for an example, http:// vu.edu.pk. Structure of URL: A URL is made up of several parts. For example http:// vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/neomail.pl The first part is the protocol, which tells the web browser what sort of server it will be talking to in order to fetch the URL. In this example, the protocol is http. The Second part is its name, which tells about the organization, it is associated like vu.edu.pk. The third part of the example URL is the path at which this particular web page is located on the web server. http:// vu.edu.pk/cgi-bin/neomail.pl

8. Search Engines

Search means to find some thing. Search engines are program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. Like Google, AltaVista etc Search engines used software called spider to search documents on internet. Documents are sent to search indexing software. Indexing software extract information from documents storing in database, then database is search fro that documents that match to our word search. Search engines assembles web page that shows the result as hyper text link.

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9. ISP, How to connect internet

ISP stands for internet service provider. ISP are always connected to internet, is basically a company or organization which facilitate user by taking some fee. User can connect to internet through ISP’s. Most of ISP’s let you connect to internet through by dialing a local phone number. To connect through internet we need computer, modem and telephone line. steps involved to connect internet are: 1-Connect telephone to computer through modem 2- Run software of internet to connect 3- Enter username, password and ISP number ISDN: stands for integrated service digital network. It is a digital phone line. Data transfer speed is faster than modem. Now a day we can connect to internet by cable, DSL etc.

10. First step with the web browser

To open internet explorer: Click on Start

11. Basic layout and closing a web browser

All browser contain menu bar, title bar, tool bar, status bar, scroll bar etc. Basic component of Internet Explorer are title bar, menu bar, status bar, tool bar, scroll bar etc Tool Bar: The most upper bar of window is called title bar. On the right side of title bar there are three buttons to minimize, restore and close internet explorer. Minimize button is used to minimize the window. Restore is use to restore down and close button is use to close the internet explorer

Menu bar: There is another bar after the title bar is called menu bar. Menu bar contains different options to use features like file, edit, view etc

For using any main menu we just move the mouse cursor over it and it will show submenu. Toolbar: The strip next to menu bar is toolbar. Toolbar is shortcut of menu bar sub options. We also called it standard toolbar because it has buttons to perform important tasks. We can use these options by clicking icons. For knowing the purpose of these icons just take the mouse pointer over there and wait for a while you will see name of icon in form of label. This label is called tool tip text. Address bar: displays URL of open web page.

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Status indicator: is basically a graphical icon which shows that status of internet explorer. Progress Bar: A standard Windows control that displays the percentage of completion of a particular process as a graphical bar

Browser pan: The area in middle of screen shows some text, hyperlinks and graphics are called content area or browser pan. To close Browser there are several methods like 1- Click File

12. How to change home page in web browser

When we start internet explorer, the first page we see on the screen is called home page or start page. To change home page: Click Tools

13. Display web page in new window

We want to open web page without closing other or copy a web page then: Click File

14. Stop a web page from downloading

In many situations, we stop web page from opening for example when a web page take a lot of time to open, click on wrong link , some portion of web page open and we just stop for further processing. We can stop a web page either of two ways: 1- Click View

15. Refresh a web page

Refresh means to view web page with latest changes. Using this option we do not have to enter URL in address bar again. We can refresh a page by three ways: 1- Press F5 key 2- Refresh button 3- Click View

16. Display previously visited sites

When we visit some sites in browser, the browser keep its address of sites which we opened before. Browser saves these sites in history.

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To view history: Press Ctrl+H or Click Tool

17. Changing number of days in history list

We can set number of days that our history should be kept. To change history days: Click Tools

18. Deleting single entry, clear list of history

It is possible to delete history item or history list. To delete single item: 1- Right Click on Item 2- Select delete To delete list: 1- Click Tools

19. Summary:

In this lesson we have learnt: • Difference between internet and www • What is webpage, web browser and website? • What is meaning of search engine, ISP, FTP, HTTP and URL? • How to open and close a web browser? • How to change home page and open a web page in new window? • What is the purpose of refresh, stop and history in the web page?

20. Exercise

In the coming exercise review your Internet skills to start a browser, open any web page and close a browser Task 1: Starting browser: Start computer and Click on Launch internet explorer browser button on Quick Launch toolbar. If necessary click connect to dial up your ISP. Task 2: View a Web Page :

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First of all connect internet and start browser. In address bar type web page address and click Go or press Enter. Another way is t click the address bar drop down arrow and selects a web page address you’ve opened in the current session. Task 3: Enter an Address using Auto complete : In the browser begin to type an address that you have recently entered. Auto complete remembers previously entered addresses and tries to complete the address for you. Task 4: Browse Folders and Open files from the Address bar: Type location of hard disk you want to open in the address bar like C: or d: or e:. To open any folder of drive types like c: my documents etc. Then click Go on the address bar or press Enter. Menus and toolbar change to the ones used in windows explorer. If you want click Views button on toolbar and select the view option you want to use.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 41 Web Navigation 1. Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • How to go to any URL? • How to activate a hyperlink/image link? • How to move backward and forward in visited websites? • How to place a bookmark on web page and how to view it? • How to create a book mark folder and add web page in it? • How to delete a book mark?

2. Go to a URL

To visit any website, we should know its URL, URL is typed in address bar of browser. There are several ways to open a web page: 1-write URL in address bar 2-Click File

3. Navigating backward and forward in a web page

We can move backward and forward in any website. To move backward: Click Backward button To move forward: Click forward button To move home page: Click Home button We can also move to visited web pages by clicking View

4. Activate a hyperlink

When we click with mouse on hyper link it is activated means it moves you to next page you click. Some links bring to download a file, broadcast TV or radio. A web page can have three types of links: 1- Image maps links 2- Text links

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3 – Picture links Some links are opened in same window or some are in other window. To open link in other window: Right click on link Select open in new window

5. Book mark a web page

When we visit some site and we like it, we can save it. For saving any site it mean we are making bookmark means we are putting mark on this site that we can open it again. We can make list of those sites which we like, some browser say it Book mark and some browser say it favorite. To put site in favorite, we can have several methods: 1- Click Favorite button from toolbar 2- Click on Favorite

6. creating a book mark folder and add page in it

When list of favorites grow long, we can make it short by making folder and also we can organize them. To organize: 1-Click on Favorite

A dialogue box will open, Click on New Folder. This will create a folder. To add page in this folder: 1-Click Favorite

7. Delete a book mark

We can delete web pages or folders from favorites list. To delete folder: Click on favorite

8. Display book marked page on toolbar

To display favorites in tool bar as shortcut: Click View

9 Viewing favorite list on screen

We can also see favorites item on the left side of screen. To view on left side of screen: Click on Favorites button from toolbar.

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10. Summary:

In this lesson we have learnt: • How to go to any URL? • How to activate a hyperlink/image link? • How to move backward and forward in visited websites? • How to place a bookmark on web page and how to view it? • How to create a book mark folder and add web page in it? • How to delete a book mark?

11. Exercise

In the coming exercise you will learn how to retrace your steps and return to a web page. Also how to save your favorite web pages list separately

Task 1: Move back in a browser : In a browser you can move to previous web page by clicking on Back icon on toolbar, by choosing Back from go menu within view menu, by pressing Alt + Left arrow of keyboard or pressing right mouse button and selecting back option

Task 2: Create a favorite list : To add a web page in favorite first of all opens the desired web page in browser. Then right click anywhere in the background of a web page. Click Add to favorites on the shortcut menu. Type name for the site in dialog box Name section. If you want, click Create in to add the site to a folder within the favorite folders

Task 3: Move a favorite to a folder : In the browser click favorite menu and then click organize favorites. Click the favorite you want to move to another folder. Click Move to folder. Click the folder where you want to move the favorite. Click Ok When you’re done, click Close

Task 4: View your hard disk and add a folder to your list of folders : Display contents of your hard disk by typing c: in address bar and then press enter. Then open view menu and move mouse pointer to explorer bar and select favorites to display favorite list in left pane. Drag a folder from right pane to favorite’s pane. Release your mouse button when folder icon is positioned correctly within favorite list. When you’re done click close button.

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Task 5: Setup a website for offline viewing :

Open the website you want to add. Click favorite menu and click Add to favorite. Click to select the make available offline check box. Then click customize option and Next to configure your page for offline viewing. Click Yes option button to allow viewing of entire web site. Click Next to continue. Choose synchronization schedule option you want and then click Next to continue. Then if web site requires user authentication enter your user name and password and click finish. Finally choose folder and then click ok.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 42 Search Engines

1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • What are search engines and how to select a search engine? • How to search a specific in formation with the help of keyword? • How to use selection criteria in a search? • How to copy image text or URL from a web page to the document? • How to set page size, page orientation or margins in a web page? • How to print web page or specific web pages or selected text etc?

2. Search Engines

World wide web contain million of web pages that its difficult to tell their exact figure, so to find out required information is possible through search engines. Search engines help us to find information on the web and store the information about web pages. It usually search web pages according to any phrase or keyword. Search engines used software of Spider, it is called spider because spider visits many websites in parallel at the same time and also visit different web servers. When the Spider search Web server it make central repository to save related websites URLS’s. This repository of web server is called database or index. After specific intervals, spider store new and updated websites URLS’s in database.

3. How to use any search engine

There are many search engines on net like Google, AltaVista and Ask etc To search any website: Write keyword in entry box Search Specific site: Write keyword in double quotations. When we search any web site, relevant websites are on front page.

4. Combine selection criteria in search

With simple search, we can get variety of results. We can refine and narrow these results. To use selection criteria: Click on Advanced Search options. Use Boolean operators to search combine words. We ca also search Title, URL and Domain search of any website.

5. Different search engines

AltaVista: is the most popular and biggest search engine. Its URL is www.altavista.com . We can use Boolean operators, domain search, title search and URL search. It is very useful engine for complicated search.

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Google: Google gives most relevant results. We can perform simple as well as advanced search. Its URL is www.google.com . Excite: It is most comprehensive search engine. Its URL is www.excite.com .It has large database approximately 10 million sites can be stored. Lycos: It is also a comprehensive search engine. Its URL is www.lycos.com . It can search picture, city guides and road maps easily. Yahoo: it finds information on web quickly. It is better to use yahoo when your search term is large because yahoo add any website in database after great search. HotBOt and Lycos database is bigger than yahoo and search long terms is possible efficiently. There are some other search engines like WebCrawler, open text and galaxy.

6. Copy a text from a web page to a document

Duplicate means to copy same data on different location. We can copy or duplicate any text or image data. To copy Data: 1- Select data 2- Click Edit

7. Copy image from web page to a document

To copy image: 3- Select image 4- Click Edit

8. Copy URL from web page to a document

We can also copy URL from browser to a document. To copy URL: 5- Select URL from browser 6- Click Edit

9. Save a web page on hard disk

We can save a web page on hard disk. We can open web page data without connecting internet. To save a web page on hard disk: 1-Click File

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) 10. Save a graphic

We can save a graphic as file. To save graphic: 1- Right Click on graphic 2-Select Save Picture As option 3- Select target location and Enter Name of graphic

11. Download text file, image

Downloading is process of transferring file from remote computer to user computer. To download a file: 1- Select File 2- Right Click on file 3- Select Save Target As You can also save an image in the same way as file.

12. Web page orientation, margins, header, footer

Web page may be wider than paper, so some text could be wrap. First save page to hard disk than take printout. We cam also use color printer to take colored printing. To set a web page orientation for printing: 1- Click File

14. Printing web page

To print a web page: Click File

15. Summary:

In this lesson we have learnt: • What are search engines and how to select a search engine? • How to search a specific in formation with the help of keyword? • How to use selection criteria in a search? • How to copy image text or URL from a web page to the document? • How to set page size, page orientation or margins in a web page? • How to print web page or specific web pages or selected text etc?

16. Exercise

In coming exercise you will learn how to search from a list of search engines for web sites that match your criteria and also learn how to print web pages Task 1: Search the Internet using the search button : Open the browser. Click search button on standard toolbar. Internet explorer chooses a search engine at random. Type the information you want to use for the search. Click the search, find or seek button as each search provider label its search button differently. If

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you don’t find the web site you want click the next button. To perform a new search, click the new button under the search heading on top. Finally click cross button to right of search heading or click search button on toolbar. Task 2: Download a file from a public ftp site : In address bar type the URL for public ftp site. If site offers it, double click the link to the Pub directories to display the list of files you can download. Right click the link for the file you want to down load, and then click copy to folder. Select the folder in which you want to save the file. Click Ok. Task 3: Create a style sheet : Open the web page you want to use as style sheet. Click tools menu and then click internet explorer. In general tab, click colors. Select colors to be used for text and background and for visited and unvisited links. Then click ok and click file menu, select save as to save web page to your local disk. Type file name and click webpage, html only from save as type drop down arrow. Finally, click “save”. Task 4: Print current page : Open desired page to print. First open file menu and click page setup option. From dialog box click size drop down arrow and select a paper size. Enter header like &w for window title and footer &u to print page address. Click portrait or landscape option. After clicking ok again open file menu and choose print. Set current page in this dialog box and finally click ok to print it.

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 43 Electronic Mail

1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • What is email and what is structure of email address? • How to open and close email application? • How to open email inbox for specific user? • How to open several mail messages at a time? • How to close mail messages?

2. Concepts

In ancient times, people use letter as way of communication and they send it through post offices but it took long time to reach destination. In modern days way of communication have been changed because of internet and new ways were adopted to send information quickly e.g. telegram, fax, telephone and email etc. Email is abbreviation of electronic mail. With the help of email we can exchange information around the world. Only difference between email and other letter is that email is written through key board and sends through internet while letter is written by hand and send through postoffice. It is the fastest way of communication than letters and it can be sending at any time when it is convenient. When we send email messages from one computer to another then email client SMTP and POP3 are used. Email clients are those programs used for writing, sending, receiving and displaying email messages like yahoo mail, hotmail, and outlook express. SMTP: is simple mail transfer protocol and used to send and receive email messages. POP3: is post office protocol and used to receive email messages. Email client interacts with POP3 server to discover and download new email messages.

3. How email works

First you compose a mail and send it. Message is sent to your internet service provider’s email server. Message is then sorted in recipient’s electronic mail box. To read message, log on to email server and retrieve message. To read message, first you have to enter password.

4. Email system using email client SMTP and POP3

Steps to send email messages: 1- Message is prepared using email client. 2- Email client sent it to SMTP server( if receiver is local then mail goes to POP3) 3- Receiver computer picks it at his/her computer 4- If mail is sent to SMTP than SMTP server send it to local computers POP3 and receive it

5. Understanding the structure of email address

Whenever we send any mail we should know the address of recipient.

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Structure of Email address: Email address consists of two parts separated by “@ “symbol. First part identifies the name of user account and second part contains URL of persons account on internet like [email protected]

6. Open and close email application

To open Email client Out Look Express: Click Start

7. Layout of email application

Any email program contains components to write, send and receive email messages.

8. Create an email account

To use an email program its important to have email account. To create an account on yahoo: 1- Type www.mail.yahoo.com in browser 2- Click on Sign Up 3-Fill the Form by entering user name and password and more

9. Open a mail box for specific user

You can open email account which you have created before by user name and password. Enter User name and password and Click Sign In.

10. Open one and several messages

When ever we got any email, it goes to our inbox .we can read and write mail here. To read mail: Click on Inbox Click on ay message to read To compose a mail: Click on Compose Write and send mail

11. Close a mail message

To close a mail message: Click on Close (X) button of window

10-Summary:

In this lesson we have learnt: • What is email and what is structure of email address

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• • • • How to open and close email application? How to open email inbox for specific user? How to open several mail messages at a time? How to close mail messages?

11-Exercise

In the coming exercise you can improve the appearance and usefulness of your printouts by changing the page margin, specifying a target print area, adding headers and footers. You will also learn how to take printout of your worksheets Task 1: Select a print range : In monthly expenses worksheet, select range from A1 to B6. Open file menu and point to print area and select click on Set Print Area on submenu. Click Print preview on toolbar to view the print range. Click on close button on print preview toolbar. To clear print range open file menu. Point to print area and click on Clear Print Area on submenu. Task 2: Insert and Remove Page breaks : With monthly expenses still open, to print items name on one page and expenses on other page select column B and C. Open Insert menu and select Page break. A dotted line is shown after column A. Click on print preview icon and you will see the names of items on page 1. Click on Next button on toolbar to view the next page. You will see expenses on the next page. Click close button on toolbar and open Insert menu. Choose Remove page break from the menu to clear the page breaks. Task 3: Setting orientation, Margins and center worksheet on a page : In monthly expenses worksheet, open file menu and click page setup option. Click on page tab and choose landscape from orientation section. Set print quality to highest option. Click Margin tab and set top margin and bottom margin to 1.25. Click horizontally and vertically options in center on page section of page setup dialog box. Click print preview button. Task.4: Create a header and footer : Open monthly expenses Worksheet and select sheet1 and sheet 2 tabs. Open view menu and choose the option header and footer. Click on customer header option and then click in center section. Click sheet icon from toolbar which is third last icon on toolbar. Then press ok button and then click on customer footer. Click in center section. Type page and click on # icon in toolbar, then type “of” and click on plus sign in toolbar. Click ok button and then click on print preview button. Sheet1 is shown on top and page 1 at bottom, click on next icon on print preview toolbar and you will see sheet2 on top of page. Task.5: Applying and printing formula used in Cells : Open any spreadsheet in which formulas are used. Click on tools menu and then on options. In dialog box, click view tab and then select formula option in windows options section. A checkmark will appear in front of formula and finally click ok button. You will see formula within the cells Click file menu and select page setup Click on landscape option in orientation section and fit in scaling section. Click print preview button, then click zoom button to adjust the view. Click print button and ok. Finally press Control + ~ keys to deselect formula option.

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Task.6: Previewing and printing multiple sheets : Open a spreadsheet in which sheet 1, sheet 2 and sheet 3 contains some data. To print all three sheets at once first click on sheet 1 tab. Hold the shift key and click on sheet 2 and sheet 3 tab. Click print preview button. Click zoom button to magnify image. Click next button on toolbar two times to cycle through three selected sheets. Click print button in print preview window and then click ok. Task.7: Hide some columns and rows in WS : Open an already created spreadsheet. Since you want to print a report that does not include column C. Right click on column C heading and click hide. Click on print preview, column C is not shown so print the worksheet. To again display the hidden column C first select Col B and D. Right click on the selection and click unhide. Column C will be shown

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 44 Messaging

1. Objectives The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • What is a flag? How to flag a mail message and remove a flag message? • How to mark a mail message as read or unread? • How to open and save a file attachment in a local hard disk? • How to create a new message and how to reply to more than one person? • How to attach email with a message? • How to copy, move and forward message?

2-Flag mail message

After reading the mail you have two options. Some mails are replied urgently and some are replied late. It is possible we forgot to reply some urgent messages, so for this reason flag feature is introduced. To apply flag on the message of inbox folder: 1- select a message 2- Click On Actions

3- Mark message as read/unread

Messages which we have read called read messages and messages which we have not read are called unread. It is possible top make read messages as unread and unread messages as read. To make a message as read: 1- Select message 2- Right click on message 3- Select Mark as read If we marked a folder then all its messages are marked as read /unread

4- Open and save file attachment on hard disk

Attachment is a file which is attached with mail and we can download this attached file. We can also attach data file with mail. We can also attach other files like audio, graphics etc To download a file: 1- open message 2- select attach file 3- right click on file 4- Select Save Target As(download on hard disk) or Select Open (to see in same application)

5- Use Reply/ Reply All 144 Virtual University of Pakistan

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Reply means answering to one person but reply all mean answering multiple persons. To reply a message: 1- open message to reply 2- Select Reply Button 3- Than type/attach message and send 6- Reply with or without original message It is possible we send message with original message or erase that message. To send message without original message: 1- Click Tools

3- Select On Replies and forward section for adding and removing original message

7- Add a contact in list

You can make a record of your email addresses. To add a contact: 1- Click on contact folder. 2- Click on new contact 3- Add related info

8- Create a new message

To write a mail: 1-Click on New

9- Insert a mail address in To field

Whenever we send an email we insert address in To box. It is also possible we don’t write email address but add it from contact list. To add address from contact list: Click on TO field

10- Carbon copy (CC), Blind Carbon Copy (BCC)

CC: is abbreviation of carbon copy and from this option we can send email to more than one email address. BCC: is abbreviation of blind carbon copy and from this option we can send email copy to more than one person but the message will be secret message means email address of BCC is not shown to TO and CC addresses.

11- Use spells checking in email

Email message window works same as word processor. Like word we can also use spell check in email messages. To spell check: 1-Select word

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2-Click on Tools

12- Forward message

We can forward same message. To forward email message: Click on Forward button

13- Cut and copy text within or between messages

We can copy text between messages. To copy: 1-Select text 2- Click Edit

14- Attach a file to a message

We can attach a file with our email message and any type of file can be attached. To attach a file: Click on Attach button

15-Summary:

In this lesson we have learnt: • What is a flag? How to flag a mail message and remove a flag message? • How to mark a mail message as read or unread? • How to open and save a file attachment in a local hard disk? • How to create a new message and how to reply to more than one person? • How to attach email with a message? • How to copy, move and forward message?

16-Exercise

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With monthly expenses still open, to print items name on one page and expenses on other page select column B and C. Open Insert menu and select Page break. A dotted line is shown after column A. Click on print preview icon and you will see the names of items on page 1. Click on Next button on toolbar to view the next page. You will see expenses on the next page. Click close button on toolbar and open Insert menu. Choose Remove page break from the menu to clear the page breaks. Task 3: Setting orientation, Margins and center worksheet on a page : In monthly expenses worksheet, open file menu and click page setup option. Click on page tab and choose landscape from orientation section. Set print quality to highest option. Click Margin tab and set top margin and bottom margin to 1.25. Click horizontally and vertically options in center on page section of page setup dialog box. Click print preview button. Task.4: Create a header and footer : Open monthly expenses Worksheet and select sheet1 and sheet 2 tabs. Open view menu and choose the option header and footer. Click on customer header option and then click in center section. Click sheet icon from toolbar which is third last icon on toolbar. Then press ok button and then click on customer footer. Click in center section. Type page and click on # icon in toolbar, then type “of” and click on plus sign in toolbar. Click ok button and then click on print preview button. Sheet1 is shown on top and page 1 at bottom, click on next icon on print preview toolbar and you will see sheet2 on top of page. Task.5: Applying and printing formula used in Cells : Open any spreadsheet in which formulas are used. Click on tools menu and then on options. In dialog box, click view tab and then select formula option in windows options section. A checkmark will appear in front of formula and finally click ok button. You will see formula within the cells Click file menu and select page setup Click on landscape option in orientation section and fit in scaling section. Click print preview button, then click zoom button to adjust the view. Click print button and ok. Finally press Control + ~ keys to deselect formula option. Task.6: Previewing and printing multiple sheets : Open a spreadsheet in which sheet 1, sheet 2 and sheet 3 contains some data. To print all three sheets at once first click on sheet 1 tab. Hold the shift key and click on sheet 2 and sheet 3 tab. Click print preview button. Click zoom button to magnify image. Click next button on toolbar two times to cycle through three selected sheets. Click print button in print preview window and then click ok. Task.7: Hide some columns and rows in WS : Open an already created spreadsheet. Since you want to print a report that does not include column C. Right click on column C heading and click hide. Click on print preview, column C is not shown so print the worksheet. To again display the hidden column C first select Col B and D. Right click on the selection and click unhide. Column C will be shown

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) Computer Proficiency License (CS-001) Lecture 45 Mail Management 1- Objectives

The objective of this lecture is to provide information about: • How to create a new address list and add or delete mail address in it? • How to search a message by subject and a sender and mail contents? • How to create a new folder and how to move messages to a new folder? • How to sort and delete the messages? • How to undelete the deleted messages and how to empty delete item folder?

2- Managing email

When we receive many mail messages, it results into over abundance of email messages in inbox or sent email folder. As a good practice, these should be managed. To manage your email there can follow options. 1. Create new folders for messages 2. Save your messages in hard disk 3. Delete unwanted or read messages

3- Create an address book

In real life, you can use diary to record the name and address of your friend. It is good to use diary to remember the details of your friends. It is difficult to remember to remember many email addresses. Email program makes life easy by providing a facility to record email ids of all contacts in address book. You can save name, phone number, email ids and some related information in an address book. Address book works like a diary.

4- Add a mail address to address list

1. Click on the contact tab in the right side of the MS Outlook. 2. Go to File

5- Delete a mail address to address list

The way we have added the contact in address book, we can delete the contact with few clicks. 1. Select the email contact (s) from address book by single click. 2. Click on the Remove button or right click on the contact name and select delete from the drop down menu. 3. Contact(s) will be deleted.

6- Update an address book from incoming mail

To save the email id from the inbox 1. Right click on the name of the sender of email in the inbox

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2. Click on the move to the folder 3. Select contacts from the list 4. Click on the contacts folder to view the newly added contact

7- Search message by sender, subject or mail contacts

It is very difficult to search in the lengthy email messages. You can easily search messages in outlook using find option. Go to Tools

Select Inbox from the drop down menu of “Search In” In “Look for” we type the word we want to search Click on “Find Now” We can restrict our search to sender name, email subject or email id etc by using advance search option. Go to Tools

8- Create a folder

It is good to organize messages in different folders. Email program usually save messages in separate folders. You can create as many folders you want. To create a new folder Go to File

9- Move messages to folder

To save a message in a new folder Select the message in the inbox Go to Edit

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Computer Proficiency License (CS001) 10- Sort messages

We can sort email message by date, subject and sender name. Let us sort these messages by date wise. Open inbox and go to View

11- Delete a message

You can easily remove any message. Right click on the message you want to delete from inbox and select Delete from the menu. Email message will be deleted from inbox right away and sent to folder “Deleted items”.

12- Undelete a message from mail bin

You may delete important message. When you delete a message, it is moved from inbox to deleted items folder. Open “Deleted items” folder and right click on the message you want to undelete. Select “Move to folder” option and select Inbox.

13- Empty mail bin

Messages you delete are saved in Deleted items folder. To delete one message from the Delete items folder, select the message and click on the cross icon (Delete button) Message will ask for the confirmation for deleting the message. Click Ok to delete this message permanently. To empty the folder, right click on the “Deleted Item” folder and select “Empty Deleted Items”

14-Summary:

In this lesson we have learnt: • How to create a new address list and add or delete mail address in it? • How to search a message by subject and a sender and mail contents? • How to create a new folder and how to move messages to a new folder? • How to sort and delete the messages? • How to undelete the deleted messages and how to empty delete item folder?

15-Exercise

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Insert and Remove Page breaks : With monthly expenses still open, to print items name on one page and expenses on other page select column B and C. Open Insert menu and select Page break. A dotted line is shown after column A. Click on print preview icon and you will see the names of items on page 1. Click on Next button on toolbar to view the next page. You will see expenses on the next page. Click close button on toolbar and open Insert menu. Choose Remove page break from the menu to clear the page breaks. Task 3: Setting orientation, Margins and center worksheet on a page : In monthly expenses worksheet, open file menu and click page setup option. Click on page tab and choose landscape from orientation section. Set print quality to highest option. Click Margin tab and set top margin and bottom margin to 1.25. Click horizontally and vertically options in center on page section of page setup dialog box. Click print preview button. Task.4: Create a header and footer : Open monthly expenses Worksheet and select sheet1 and sheet 2 tabs. Open view menu and choose the option header and footer. Click on customer header option and then click in center section. Click sheet icon from toolbar which is third last icon on toolbar. Then press ok button and then click on customer footer. Click in center section. Type page and click on # icon in toolbar, then type “of” and click on plus sign in toolbar. Click ok button and then click on print preview button. Sheet1 is shown on top and page 1 at bottom, click on next icon on print preview toolbar and you will see sheet2 on top of page. Task.5: Applying and printing formula used in Cells : Open any spreadsheet in which formulas are used. Click on tools menu and then on options. In dialog box, click view tab and then select formula option in windows options section. A checkmark will appear in front of formula and finally click ok button. You will see formula within the cells Click file menu and select page setup Click on landscape option in orientation section and fit in scaling section. Click print preview button, then click zoom button to adjust the view. Click print button and ok. Finally press Control + ~ keys to deselect formula option. Task.6: Previewing and printing multiple sheets : Open a spreadsheet in which sheet 1, sheet 2 and sheet 3 contains some data. To print all three sheets at once first click on sheet 1 tab. Hold the shift key and click on sheet 2 and sheet 3 tab. Click print preview button. Click zoom button to magnify image. Click next button on toolbar two times to cycle through three selected sheets. Click print button in print preview window and then click ok. Task.7: Hide some columns and rows in WS : Open an already created spreadsheet. Since you want to print a report that does not include column C. Right click on column C heading and click hide. Click on print preview, column C is not shown so print the worksheet. To again display the hidden column C first select Col B and D. Right click on the selection and click unhide. Column C will be shown

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2. Objectives

3. Training Environment of CPL

4. What is computer?

5. Advantages of computers

6. Basic terms for computer

7. Types of Computers

9. Exercise

2. Keyboard

3. Keyboard types

4. Basic Keyboard keys

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